Field workers are frequently faced with the necessity of making some sort of randomization. Thus randomization is today one of the conditions of trials in plots of, say, fertilizers or insecticides. Again, randomization is often attempted in sampling work, as when the number of insects in a plot or a field is to be ascertained from an incomplete examination; generally, when not attempted, it is by omission on the part of the investigator.

The rose stem girdler (Agrilus communis rubicola Ab.), a pest of European origin, was first recorded on this continent in 1913. The earliest report of its presence in Ontario was made in 1931 in the Windsor area by Mr. C. S. Thompson, formerly of the Dominion Plant Inspection Service, who found it infesting roses on private grounds. The roses had been obtained in 1929 from a Michigan nursery which had imported them from Holland.

Helophorus arcticus Brown was described (1937, Can. Ent., LXIX, 109) from a single specimen taken by the describer in August, 1935, at Lake Harbour, Baffin Island, which is situated on the north shore of Hudson Strait at latitude 62° 50', longitude 69° 52'. The specimen was found beneath an old caribou horn resting on moss a few feet from the seashore.

During the grasshopper egg surveys conducted in Saskatchewan by the Dominion Entomological Laboratory at Saskatoon since 1932, bee fly larvae were commonly found destroying grasshopper egg pods. In the early years of these annual surveys little was known regarding the species, life-history or economic importance of these larvae. This prompted a study of the bionomics of the species, subsequently determined as Systoechus vulgaris Loew, and a morphological study of its immature stages.

The shot hole borer, Anisandrus pyri (Peck), which has been referred to as the American representative of the European species A. dispar (Fab.) and from which according to Swame (1918) it is doubtfully distinct, has long been known in the eastern parts of Canada and the United States. This species has also been present for a number of years in the West where its distribution is apparently confined to the coast districts. As it has become particularly troublesome during recent years in British Columbia, and as published accounts of its occurrence in this province are very meagre, the following notes may be considered timely.

Effective instruction in entomology requires, among other things, that the student have the opportunily to see and examine to his satisfaction the insects dealt with in the course. This statement applies not only to courses in systematic and taxonomic entomology but to introductory courses and to such courses as field crop insects, truck and garden insects, stored product insects, fruit and nut insects, household insects, forest insects, medical entomology and the like. Surely, the instruction is seriously deficient where the student's acquaintance with the insects is limited to what he may hear in a lecture, or read or see in illustrations in a book.

Platysamia columbia Sm. has not been recorded from southern Ontario nor from Quebec since the beginning of this century. At that time it was recorded as extending from Maine to western Ontario and south to southern Michigan. In 1937, Sweadner (Ann. Carn. Mus., XXV, 167-232) limited the distribution of columbia to include the region east of Winnipeg, Man., the northern shore of Lake Superior, the area around North Bay, Ont., and a small colony in Michigan and a similar one in Maine.

The effect of a violent hailstorm on Camnula pellucida Sc. was noted at 2:15 P. M. on July 6, 1930, at a time when enough instruments were on hand to make a few records. The area was an observation station on the open range in Chilcotin, British Columbia, at an elevation of 3,400 feet; range cover was slight, consisting of a closely cropped, overgrazed turf of Poa running to an alkaline patch of Distichlis.

It has long been known to collectors of Coleoptera that European species unknown to other parts of North America may be taken in the Maritime Provinces of eastern Canada. Some of these species are abundant, and virtually all who have collected in the region have had some experience with them. The region of the Lower St. Lawrence and adjacent parts of the Province of Quebec have also supplied the first North American records of a number of European species. Because these species are of some special interest, I have compiled the list given below.

The use of oil sprays has proved of value in grasshopper control operations on the open range lands of British Columbia under certain specific conditions.

Only when a species, such as Camnula pellucida (Scudder), which deposits it eggs in definite egg-beds which have heen definitely located and staked during the previous summer, or when nymphs or adults are concentrated in very large numbers in small depressions or, as in the case of Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Saussure), on tall weeds, and when weather conditions are not favourable for poisoning, is the use of oil sprays justified as an adjunct to the regular poisoned bait campaign.

Williamson (1802) described the white fly Ephoron leukon. From his description of the insect and its habits, recent workers have been able to identify the species correctly. Hagen (1863) suggested that Baetis alba Say is a synonym of E. leukon Williamson. Eaton (1871, p. 124) was undecided as to the identity of E. leukon. In 1883 (p. 47), however, he indicated that leukon is a synonym of albus Say, which he considered to be a member of the genus Polymitarcys. This genus he had erected in 1868, employing Ephemera virgo Oliver as the genotype.

Recent observations of Platysamia gloveri Str. have brought out some interesting facts on the varying length of hibernation periods. The gloveri moth is restricted almost entirely to the Rocky Mountain Region of the western United States. This implies in general, therefore, the ability to withstand subzero weather throughout the lengthy winter season.

The preceding part under this general title was published in 1929 (Can. Ent., 61: 15—22).The novelties discussed at this time were included in collections sent to me by my friends, Professor J. Speed Rogers, of the University of Florida, and by Dr. Henry K. Townes, of Cornell University. Except where indicated to the contrary, the types of the new forms are in the collection of Professor Rogers, to be placed eventually in the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan. I wish to express my deep thanks to the collectors for the privilege of describing these species.

In Manitoba Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Sauss.) is usually most abundant in areas of light soil. In such areas the bulk of the eggs are, as a rule, widely distributed in either cropped or recently reverted fields. Concentrations of eggs, when they occur, have commonly been confined to ridges of drift soil. During the fall of 1938, however, some of the heaviest concentrations of this species ever recorded for the province were discovered, not in these locations, but in woodland pastures of heavier soils in and near that portion of Lang's Valley occupied by the Pembina River. The oviposition sites, in fact, were so atypical that they resembled egg beds of Camnula pellucida Scud. rather than deposits of mexicanus eggs.

Male. Length 6.5 mm.; of wing 4.8 mm. Face narrow immediately below antennae, thickly covered with bright golden pollen; proboscis black; palpi dark brown bearing fine black hair and lightly dusted with yellowish pollen; antennae yellow; first joint large with a black stripe along upper outer edge and covered with short, stiff black hairs, second joint small, yellow, third joint small, decumbent, black on apical half; arista black, about one and one-half times length of face, lamella (fig. 4) at tip with an elliptical white spot on upper side near base; front black with bluish reflections, especially along the orbits; ocellar bristles black, hair near proboscis whitish.

Typical imitata from Vancouver Island and the southern interior of British Columbia is brownish in coloration with at times a slight purplish tinge. There is before me a specimen from Santa Barbara Co., Calif., in which the entire upper surface is definitely tinged with olive-green; this, in combination with a very indistinct type of maculation, gives it a decided mossy appearance. Genitalically it does not differ from the topotypical form. As it probably represents a race from the southern regions of California I give it the above name.

During the summer of 1938 the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology, Toronto, organized an expedition to the little-known region of Favourable Lake, in the Patricia portion of the Kenora District, about 70 miles from the Manitoba boundary (53° 50' N. Lat., 93° 40' E. Long.). In 1939, two small parties were sent out by the Museum, one to Attawapiscat Lake, also in the Patricia country (52° 10' N. Lat., 88 E. Long.), and the other to various stations in the Cochrane District, from Cochrane northward to Moosonee on James Bay.

Five species of Coleophora feeding on seeds of Aster and Solidago in Ohio and Kentucky are here distinguished. All may be easily differentiated by definite characters of the male genitalia, and less easily by the female genitalia; differentiating characters of wing and antennal markings, although present, do not afford sure separation. The wings are brownish or grayish ocherous, with longitudinal white lines following veins, fold and dorsal margin, often confluent in the costal area, and more or less dusted with fuscous scales. Antennae may or may not be annulate, but the character is constant for the species.

The Cariboo region comprises that section of Central British Columbia between the Fraser river and the mountains of the N. Thompson river, extending northward from Clinton to Quesnel; through it the old Cariboo trail (now a motor road) passes and railway communication with the south is afforded by the P. G. & E. Ry. Its altitude is around 2500 ft. and it consists largely of rolling, wooded country interspersed with numerous lakes; in the southwest in the vicinity of Jesmond, Mt. Bowman, a northern spur of the mountains back of Lillooet, rises to a height of about 7500 ft. The summer rainfall is slight, and the area belongs in the so-called “dry belt”.

In the same salt meadows north of Bathurst, N. B., where Mr. Brown and I captured the recently described race of Coenonympha inornata (1939, Can. Ent., LXXI, 266) we took a series of specimens of L. dorcas Kby. which on examination, after spreading, appears to constitute an undescribed and rather strikingly different race. The butterflies were by no means common; the first specimens were taken on August 6, evidently freshly emerged, and by dint of careful searching during the next four or five days we were able to capture a series of about 50 specimens.