Foliage feeding by the pear psylla suppressed root development in seedlings of Pyrus communis, P. ussuriensis, and P. pyrifolia. Reduction in the size of the root system was greatest in seedlings with the heaviest infestations. Psyllid populations were established more readily on seedlings of P. communis than on the oriental seedlings of P. ussuriensis or P. pyrifolia.

A study was made of the resistance to cyclodiene insecticides in the root maggots H. cilicrura and H. liturata infesting tobacco in southwestern Ontario; the resistance tests were made with dieldrin by the WHO impregnated-paper method. Field-collected adults classifiable as H. liturata showed a dieldrin-resistance which did not extend to DDT; the few F1 offspring obtainable by laboratory rearing were highly dieldrin-resistant. A strain of H. cilicrura originating from a collection of both species made at Delhi in 1960, and considered at the time to be dieldrin-resistant, proved to be just as susceptible to dieldrin as the Chatham laboratory strain. Individuals of H. cilicrura admixed with dieldrin-resistant H. liturata in a collection made at St. Thomas in August 1962 were all susceptible. The hypothesis is offered that the reversal in the proportions of the two species on tobacco in recent years is partly due to a difference between them in that H. liturata is capable of cyclodiene-resistance whereas H. cilicrura is not.

In Kings County, Nova Scotia, low temperatures in the coldest nights of winter can differ by as much as 10°F. from one area to another. This has an important bearing on winter survival of some arthropods. Overwintering sites of orchard arthropods range from exposed situations which remain at air temperature to well protected ones on the ground where temperatures rarely go below 20°F. The cold-hardiness of each of 24 species of arthropods was measured: seven were sufficiently cold-hardy to survive any winter conditions in Nova Scotia, five were less cold-hardy but overwinter in well protected sites and twelve had marginal cold-hardiness, their mortality varying with the winter and the locality.

Experiments and observations on Oriental fruit moths in cages and in a peach orchard showed that both males and females may mate more than once. The maximum recorded number of matings was 7 for males and 5 for females. Mating usually occurred in the late afternoon and early evening during the daily flight and egg-laying period. Males seldom mated oftener than once in 24 hours and they transferred only one spermatophore to the female per mating. In cages, males mated approximately 1.4 times each when confined with equal numbers of females. Of the females taken in bait traps in a peach orchard, an average of 2.9% had not mated, 78.8% had mated once, 14.6% twice, and 3.7% more than twice. The mating behaviour of the Oriental fruit moth was shown to be similar to that of the codling moth.

The midge, Phytophaga thujae Hedlin, is a common pest in cones of western red cedar, Thuja plicata Donn. In some years nearly 100% of cones in localities on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, are infested.

Adults emerge in March and April to oviposit on young cones. Eggs hatch during April and May. Larvae feed on seeds and scales, and in late summer spin cocoons in the cones, in which to overwinter. Prepupal and pupal development occur during winter.

Mortality factors include parasites and competition. Species of Torymus and Tetrastichus parasitize larvae of the midge. In years of severe infestation, competition in early stages can cause considerable mortality.

A portion of the population may remain in diapause in the larval stage each year.

This paper deals with the description of 14 new species of Caddis-flies from India and the Far East and belonging to the holarctic as well as to the oriental fauna.

The species described here as new are: Parapsyche denticulata and acuta from China, Parapsyche aureocephala and nigrocephala, Plectrocnemia nagayamai and tochimotoi, Psychomyia armata, Ecclisocosmoecus spinosus, Apatania ishikawai, Neophylax japonicus, Grammotaulius inornatus, Limnophilus nipponicus and Hydatophylax intermedius from Japan. Trichomacronema shanorum is Indian.

A widespread epizootic of the fungous disease caused by Entomophthora grylli Fres. occurred among grasshoppers in Saskatchewan in 1963. Camnula pellucida (Scudder), in particular, suffered high mortality and was nearly wiped out in those areas of central and east-central Saskatchewan where heavy infestations had been present. Weather was warm and humid during the outbreak with above normal rainfall in the seriously affected areas.

Field-cage studies showed that proper timing of rainfall was essential for continuation and spread of the disease. Rainfall shortly after death of the diseased grasshopper induced profuse growth of conidiophores along with intense discharge of conidia. When death occurred during hot, dry weather, no sporulation was noted and the insects rapidly dried up. The interval from infection to death of the grasshopper was about 13 days.

The fungous disease also developed in natural field populations of Melanoplus bivittatus Say, but none was noted in field cages where this grasshopper was being reared alongside of or together with C. pellucida that were dying continuously from the disease; this suggests that different strains of E. grylli were involved.

Seventy-one species of Tabanidae from Quebec are listed.

Correlation coefficients were calculated for the estimates of insect density obtained by radiographs versus dissection, and for the estimates obtained by radiographs versus radiographic guided dissection. Estimates of numbers of siricids in white fir obtained by the two methods were closely correlated. The radiographic methods are more accurate than dissection alone, and also faster and cheaper.

La diète se compose du sucrose, de 23 acides aminés et amides dont les proportions ont été établies à la suite de l'analyse de l'hémolymphe et du miellat du puceron, de dix vitamines du complexe B, d'acide ascorbique, de benzoate de cholestérol et d'un mélange de sels, le tout en solution dans l'eau.

Sur cette diéte, les pucerons du pois du biotype R1 se développent normalement, ont une croissance larvaire légèrement inférieure à celle des pucerons témoins maintenus sur des pois de la variété Perfection et presque tous atteignent l'état adulte sans mortalité.

A key is provided to the larvae and pupae of three species of weevils, Pissodes approximatus Hopk., P. affinis Rand., and Hylobius congener D.T., common in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations in central Ontario.

Outbreaks of Thecodiplosis piniresinosae Kearby apparently have occurred in North America since 1932 on Pinus resinosa (Ait.). Serious losses of new needles and some mortality of shoots resulted since 1957 in central Wisconsin. Fall browning caused by the midge is distinguished from needle blight and needle droop.

Three larval stages and the pupa are described. Adults emerged in late May and oviposited on elongating shoots. Eggs hatched within a week and larvae mined into the bases of the fascicles, where they fed until early October. In October, mature larvae left the fascicles, dropped to the litter, and entered the soil to overwinter. Pupation and transformation to the adult occurred in the spring.

One larva usually was present per fascicle during periods of low populations, but during outbreaks up to 11 larvae infested a single fascicle. A monothalmous or polythalmous gall-like enlargement was noticeable during the outbreak. Infested needles formed an abscission layer prematurely and dropped during the winter, 3 to 5 years before normal abscission. Stand conditions, age and spacing conducive to the buildup of midge outbreaks are discussed.

Page 490, insert at bottom of page, “for most of its length, but becomes oval upon passing between the muscle layers”.

Knowledge of the approximate rate of nymphal development at different altitudes should be most useful in planning control operations against the clearwinged grasshopper, Carmnula Pellucida( Scudder), on rangelands in the interior of British Columbia. When hatching and development are observed ar any one altitude varying from under 1500 ft. to over 3500 ft., it should he possible on the basis of tGs knowledge to predict the most advantageous time to commence control operations at other altitudes on the same rangeland. Economic damage can be controlled by a single treatment, applied before the nymphs have developed to the fourth instar.

The genus Reuteroscopus is known from North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Lygus uvidus Distant considered a synonym of ornatus Reuter is a good species and the name must be revived. Psallus nicholi Knight is transferred to Reuteroscopus. Descriptions are given for the following 11 new species, making a total of 16 known species for the genus: antennatus, aztecus, chillcotti, complexus, digitatus, mexicanus, and similis from Mexico; diffusus from Mexico, Costa Rico, and Panama; femoralis from Arizona and Mexico; curacaoensis from Curacao Is.; and hamatus from Florida, Mexico, Panama, Dominican Republic Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands. Reuteroscopus sulphureus Reuter will be removed to another genus. Male genitalia of the 16 species are illustrated and a key to males is provided.

Two improved methods for measuring pine oleoresin exudation pressure have been devised. These methods are modifications of the hydrostatic pressure gauge method introduced by Vité (1961). Method 1 describes a modified apparatus and an improved technique for measuring oleoresin exudation pressure from a 11/2-2 inch hole bored into the sapwood of the tree. This method is similar to Vité’s, except for the addition of a filling port and a filling port reservoir. The filling port was found to be essential for obtaining accurate pressure readings on Pinus taeda L. The reservoir was found to facilitate the filling operation, and it also made feasible the measurement of the filling fluid uptake by the tree during the equilibration period. Method 2 describes an apparatus and a technique for measuring oleoresin exudation pressure at the innerbark-wood interface. Since this interface is where bark beetles attack and rear broods, it seems logical to measure oleoresin exudation pressure at this location on the tree when pest-host interrelations are being studied. A discussion of the uses of the methods is given, and some of their advantages and limitations are reviewed.

Improved techniques are described for cleaning gauges used in measuring the oleoresin exudation pressure (o.e.p.) of large numbers of ponderosa pines. These techniques are being used in a study of the relationship of o.e.p. and bark beetle attack in westside Sierra coniferous forests. Standard hydrostatic pressure gauges (Bourdon type) were modified by the addition of a threaded extension made of steel rod which permitted both insertion into a tree and newly-designed cleaning rack. A 9/32-in. hole in the steel rod reduced to a minimum the amount of oleoresin exudate necessary for an accurate reading. The cleaning racks, each accepting 30 gauges, were capped to confine the solvent (xylene) under pressure.

The inheritance of dieldrin-resistance and DDT-resistance was studied in a laboratory colony of the spotted root maggot Euxesta notata collected in 1960 at Delhi, Ontario. By appropriate selection methods the colony was divided into 4 strains, namely dieldrin-resistant, dieldrin-susceptible, DDT-resistant and DDT-susceptible. Crosses made between the R and S strains showed that dieldrin-resistance segregated sharply, and was inherited as if due to a single gene allele. An excess of heterozygotes over that expected suggested a certain amount of over-dominance with respect to survival. DDT-resistance did not segregate sharply, but the results of the various crosses were in agreement with the idea that this factor, which was very slightly dominant, was due to a single gene allele. Cross-resistance data for R and S strains indicated that dieldrin-resistance and DDT-resistance were completely separate entities in this species.

The life history and behaviour of Scelio calopteni Riley, an internal parasite of grasshopper eggs, is described. This insect was reared for the first time in the laboratory through one complete cycle. Newly emerged adults readily oviposited in eggs of Melanoplus sanguinipes F. By dechorionating the grasshopper eggs the developing stages of the parasite could be clearly observed.

Although three larval stages have been reported by other authors for different species of Scelio, careful observations suggested only two in S. calopteni.

Ramakrishnaia is a south Indian genus of Pyrgomorphidae related to Colemania. A lectotype for the type species of the latter, C. sphenarioides, is here designated. Two species of Ramakrishnaia have hitherto been described: the type species, R. notabilis (for which a lectotype is here designated), and R. raoi. R. gracilis, a new species from Coorg, is described. R. raoi, on the basis of its phallic structures and external morphology, is removed to a new genus, Nilgiracris.