Article processing charges (APCs)

This journal is a wholly open access journal, which means all articles are published as Gold Open Access under a Creative Commons licence. In many cases Gold Open Access articles are supported by institutional agreements. Authors not covered by such an agreement may have funding from their funding body or institution to pay an article processing charge (APC). However multiple other routes to funding Gold Open Access also exist, including equity initiatives and APC waivers and discounts, in order to ensure that every author can publish in this journal and enjoy the benefits of Gold Open Access. Please see this journal's open access options for full details.

Please note that any applicable APC fees will be waived in full for all articles submitted before 5 January 2025.

The table below shows the APC fees that will apply from 5 January 2025.