THE appeal in R. (on the application of SG) (previously JS) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (Child Poverty Action Group and another intervening) [2015] UKSC 16 concerned a challenge to the cap on welfare benefits, one of the measures introduced as part of the Government's austerity-driven economic and social policy. The “benefit cap” operates to limit the amount of welfare benefits that can be received by non-working households, to the equivalent net median earnings of a working household. The Welfare Reform Act 2012 contains provisions allowing the Secretary of State to make regulations providing for a “benefit cap” scheme. It is implemented through the Benefit Cap (Housing Benefit) Regulations 2012 and operates by a reduction in housing benefit once a specified maximum amount is reached. Benefits covered by the cap include housing benefit, child benefit, and child tax credit. Once the cap is reached, no account is taken of the number of children in the family. The lawfulness of the Act itself was not challenged. The appellants’ argument was that the implementation of the scheme was discriminatory and contrary to the Human Rights Act 1998.