Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T12:29:57.809Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Total body phylloquinone and its turnover in human subjects at two levels of vitamin K intake

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Robert E. Olson ,
Jean Chao ,
Donna Graham ,
Margaret W. Bates  and
Jessica H. Lewis
Robert E. Olson*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
Jean Chao
Affiliation:
Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Donna Graham
Affiliation:
Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Margaret W. Bates
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Jessica H. Lewis
Affiliation:
Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Robert E. Olson, fax +1 813 974 2293, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The aims of this study were to determine the total body phylloquinone and its metabolic turnover in human subjects using a tracer dose of [5-H3]phylloquinone containing 55·5×104 MBq/mmol. Seven subjects aged 22 to 49 years were given 0·3 μg isotopic phylloquinone intravenously on a control diet (75 μg phylloquinone/d) and blood, urine and faeces were sampled periodically for 6 d. Five of these subjects were studied a second time after 3–8 weeks on a low-vitamin K diet (8 μg/d). The changes in the radioactivity of plasma phylloquinone with time were analysed by the method of residuals and fitted to a curve composed of two exponential components. The size of the exchangeable body pool was calculated by isotope dilution. Plasma phylloquinone levels fell during vitamin K restriction but the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors did not change. After injection the first exponential decay curve t1/2 was 1·0 (SD 0·47) H IN THE SUBJECTS ON THE CONTROL DIET AND 0·49 (sd 0·27) h after vitamin K restriction. On the control diet, the second exponential t1/2 was 27·6 (sd 124) h that did not change on the low-vitamin K diet (t1/2=25·1 (sd 13·5) h). These results indicate that the turnover time for phylloquinone in human subjects is about 1·5 d. Urinary excretion of 3H-metabolites ranged from 30 % of the administered dose on the control diet to 38 % on the restricted diet and had the same turnover rate as the second component of the plasma decay curves. The exchangeable body pool of phylloquinone declined from about 1·0 μg/kg before restriction to lower values after vitamin K restriction. The faecal excretion of phylloquinone and its metabolites fell from 32 % of the administered dose on the control diet to 13 % on the restricted diet.

Keywords

Vitamin KRadioactive phylloquinoneExchangeable body poolMetabolic turnover
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 87 , Issue 6 , June 2002 , pp. 543 - 553
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Abell, LL, Levy, BB, Brodie, DB & Kendall, FE (1952) A simplified method for the estimation of total cholesterol in serum and demonstration of its specificity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 195, 357–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allison, PM, Mummah-Schendel, LL, Kindberg, CG, Harmes, CS, Bang, NU & Suttie, JW (1987) Effects of vitamin K deficient diet and antibiotics in normal human volunteers. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 110, 180–188.Google ScholarPubMed
Bjornsson, TD, Meffin, PJ, Swezey, SE & Blaschke, TF (1979) Effects of clofibrate and warfarin alone and in combination on the disposition of vitamin K1. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 210, 322–326.Google ScholarPubMed
Booth, SL, Pennington, JAT & Sadowski, JA (1996 a) Food sources and dietary intakes of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) in the American diet data from the FDA Total Diet Study. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 96, 149–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Booth, SL, Sadowski, JA & Pennington, JAT (1996 b) Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) content of foods in the US Food and Drug Administrations Total Diet Study. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 43, 1574–1579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corrigan, JJ & Marcus, FI (1974) Coagulopathy associated with vitamin E ingestion. Journal of American Medical Association 230, 1300–1302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dam, H (1935) Antihaemorrhagic vitamin of the chick. Biochemical Journal 29, 1273–1285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edelman, IS & Liebman, J (1959) Anatomy of body water and electrolytes. American Journal of Medicine 271, 256–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferland, G, Sadowski, JA & O'Brien, ME (1993) Dietary-induced subclinical vitamin K deficiency in normal human subjects. Journal of Clinical Investigation 91, 1761–1768.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frick, G, Riedler, G & Brögli, H (1967) Dose response and minimum daily requirement for vitamin K in man. Journal of Applied Physiology 23, 387–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frolik, CA & DeLuca, HF (1973) The stimulation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol metabolism in vitamin D-deficient rats by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol treatment. Journal of Clinical Investigation 52, 543–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibaldi, M & Perrier, D (1982) Appendix C, Method of Residuals. In Pharmacokinetics, 2nd ed., pp. 433–444. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenstein, JP, Birnbaum, SM, Winitz, M & Otey, MC (1957) Quantitative nutritional studies with water-soluble chemically defined diets in growth, reproduction and lactation in rats. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 72, 396–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haroon, Y, Bacon, DS & Sadowski, JA (1986) Liquid-chromatographic determination of vitamin K1 in plasma with fluorometric detection. Clinical Chemistry 32, 1925–1929.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hermondson, MA, Suttle, JW & Link, KP (1969) Warfarin metabolism and vitamin K requirement in the warfarin resistant rat. American Journal of Physiology 217, 1316–1319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodges, SJ, Bejui, J, Leclercq, CP & Delmas, PD (1993) Detection and measurement of vitamins K1 and K2 in human cortical and trabecular bone. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 8, 1005–1008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huff, RL & Feller, DO (1956) Relation of circulating red cell volume to body density and obesity. Journal of Clinical Investigation 35, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karam, JH, Salber, PR & Forsham, PH (1986) Pancreatic hormones and diabetes mellitus. In Basic and Clinical Endocrinology, 2nd ed., pp. 523–574 [Greenspan, FS and Forsham, PH, editors]. Los Altos, CA: Lange Medical Publications.Google Scholar
Laurell, C-B (1972) Electroimmunoassay. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical Laboratory Investigation 29, Suppl. 124, 21–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matschiner, JT, Amelotti, JM & Doisy, EA (1967) Mechanism of the effect of retinoic acid and squalene on vitamin K deficiency in the rat. Journal of Nutrition 91, 303–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mummah-Schendel, L & Suttie, JW (1986) Serum phylloquinone concentration in a normal adult population. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, 686–689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council (1980) Recommended Dietary Allowances, 9th ed., Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Neeld, JB Jr & Pearson, WN (1963) Macro and micromethods for the determination of vitamin A using trifluoroacetic acid. Journal of Nutrition 79, 454–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olson, RE (1999) Vitamin K. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, pp. 363–380 [Shils, M, Olson, JA, Shike, M and Ross, A, editors]. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.Google Scholar
Olson, RE, Meyer, RG, Chao, J & Lewis, JH (1984) The vitamin K requirement of man. Circulation 70, II-97, Abstr.Google Scholar
Olson, RE & Munson, PL (1995) Fat-soluble vitamins. In Principles of Pharmacology Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications, pp. 927–947 [Munson, PL, Mueller, RA and Breese, GR, editors]. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Quaife, ML, Scrimshaw, NS & Lowry, OH (1949) A micromethod for the assay of total tocopherols in blood serum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 180, 1229–1235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritz, P (2000) Body water spaces and cellular hydration during healthy aging. Annals New York Academy of Sciences 904, 474–483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenstreich, SJ, Rich, C & Volwiler, W (1971) Deposition in and release of vitamin D3 from body fat: evidence for a storage site in the rat. Journal of Clinical Investigation 50, 579–687.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sadowski, JA, Hood, SJ, Dallal, GE & Garry, PJ (1989) Phylloquinone in plasma from elderly and young adults: factor influencing its concentration. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 100–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shearer, MJ, Bach, A & Kohlmeier, M (1996) Chemistry, nutritional sources, tissue distribution and metabolism of vitamin K with special reference to bone health. Journal of Nutrition 126, 1181S–1186S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shearer, MJ & Barkhan, P (1979) Vitamin K1 and the therapy of massive warfarin overdosage. Lancet ii, 266–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shearer, MJ, McBurney, A & Barkhan, P (1974) Studies in the absorption and metabolism of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in man. Vitamins and Hormones 32, 513–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shearer, MJ, McCarthy, PT, Crampton, OE & Mattock, MB (1988) The assessment of human vitamin K studies from tissue measurements. In Current Advances in Vitamin K Research, pp. 437–452 [Suttie, J, editor]. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Shearer, MJ, Mallinson, CN, Webster, GR & Barkhan, P (1972) Clearance from plasma and excretion in urine, faeces and bile of an intravenous dose of tritiated vitamin K1 in man. British Journal of Haematology 22, 579–588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shearer, MJ, Rahim, S, Barkhan, P & Stimmler, L (1982) Plasma vitamin K in mothers and their newborn babies. Lancet ii, 460–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, AMM, Wilson, NM & Stevenson, IH (1977) Vitamin K pharmacokinetics: Response in young and elderly patients. Clinical Pharmacology Therapy 21, 117, AbstrGoogle Scholar
Suttie, JW, Mummah-Schendel, BS, Shah, DV, Lyle, BJ & Greger, JL (1988) Vitamin K deficiency from dietary vitamin K restriction in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 475–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taggart, WV & Matschiner, JT (1969) Metabolism of menadione 6,7-3H in the rat. Biochemistry 8, 1141–1146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ueno, T & Suttie, JW (1983) High pressure liquid chromatographic-reductive electrochemical detection analyses of serum trans-phylloquinone. Analytical Biochemistry 133, 62–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usui, Y, Tanimura, H, Nishimura, N, Kobayashi, N, Okanove, T & Ozawa, K (1990) Vitamin K concentrations in the plasma and liver of surgical patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 846–852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Handel, E & Zilversmit, DB (1957) Micromethod for the direct determination of serum triglycerides. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 50, 152–157.Google ScholarPubMed
Weenesland, R, Brown, E, Hopper, J JR, Hodges, JL Jr, Guttentag, OE, Scott, KG, Tucker, IN & Bradley, B (1959) Red cell, plasma and blood volume in healthy men measured by radiochromium (51Cr) cell tagging and hematocrit: Influence of age, somatotype, and habits of physical activity on the variance after regression of volumes to height and weight combined. Journal of Clinical Investigation 38, 1065–1077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winitz, M, Graft, J, Gallagher, N, Narkin, A & Seedman, DA (1965) Evaluation of chemical diets as nutrition for man-in-space. Nature 205, 741–743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiss, O & Gloor, U (1966) Absorption, distribution, storage and metabolism of vitamin K and related quinones. Vitamins and Hormones 24, 575–586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zilversmit, DB (1960) The design and analysis of isotopic experiments. American Journal of Medicine 29, 832–848.CrossRefGoogle Scholar