Abegglen, J. J. (1984) On socialization in hamadryas baboons. Associated University Presses. [rDLC]Google Scholar

Allen, C. (1989) Philosophical issues in cognitive ethology. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Altmann, S. A. (1967) The structure of primate social communication. In: Social communication among primates, ed. Altmann, S. A.. University of Chicago Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Attwood, A., Frith, U. & Hermelin, B. (1988) The understanding and use of interpersonal gestures by autistic and Down's syndrome children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 18:241–57. [FH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Austin, J. (1962) How to do things with words. Basil Blackwell. [SB-C]Google Scholar

Baddeley, A. (1986) Working memory. Oxford University Press. [WHD]Google ScholarPubMed

Balda, R. P. & Kamil, A. C. (1988) The spatial memory of Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) in an analogue of the radial arm maze. Animal Learning and Behavior 16:116–22. [rDLC]Google Scholar

Balda, R. P., Bunch, K. G., Kamil, A. C., Sherry, D. F. & Tomback, D. F. (1987) Cache site memory in birds. In: Foraging behavior, ed. Kamil, A. C., Krebs, J. R. & Pulliam, H. R.. Plenum Press. [rDLC]Google Scholar

Baron-Cohen, S. (1989a) Joint attention deficits in autism: Towards a cognitive analysis. Development and Psychopathology 1:185–89. [SB-C]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baron-Cohen, S. (1989b) Perceptual role taking and protodeclarative pointing in autism. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 7:113–27. [FH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baron-Cohen, S. (1991a) Do people with autism understand what causes emotion? Child Development 62:385–95. [FH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Baron-Cohen, S. (1991b) Precursors to a theory of mind: Understanding attention in others. In: Natural theories of mind, ed. Whiten, A.. Basil Blackwell. [SB-C]Google Scholar

Bartsch, K. & Wellman, H. (1989) Young children's attribution of action to beliefs and desires. Child Development 60:946–64. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bates, E., Camaioni, L. & Volterra, V. (1975) The acquisition of performatives prior to speech. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 21: 205–26. [SB-C]Google Scholar

Boesch, C. (1991) Teaching in wild chimpanzees. Animal Behavior 41:530–32. [rDLC, CB, EV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boesch, C. (in press a) Transmission aspects of tool use in wild chimpanzees. In: Tools, language and intelligence: Evolutionary implications, ed. K. Gibson & T. Ingold. Cambridge University Press. [CB]Google Scholar

Boesch, C. (in press b) The effect of leopard predation on grouping patterns in forest chimpanzees. Behaviour. [CB]Google Scholar

Boesch, C. & Boesch, H. (1984) Mental maps in wild chimpanzees: An analysis of hammer transports for nut cracking. Primates 25:160–70. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boice, R. (1977) Surplusage. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 9:452–54. [DAD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bower, T. G. R. (1989) The rational infant. Learning in infancy. Freeman. [EV]Google Scholar

Bretherton, I. & Beeghly, M. (1982) Talking about internal states: The acquisition of an explicit theory of mind. Developmental Psychology 18:906–21. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bretherton, I., McNew, S. & Beeghly-Smith, M. (1981) Early person knowledge as expressed in gestural and verbal communication: When do infants acquire a “theory of mind”? In: Infant social cognition, ed. Lamb, M. E. & Sherrod, L. R.. Erlbaum. [DJP]Google Scholar

Burghardt, G. M. (1978) Closing the circle: The ethology of mind. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1:562–63. [GMB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burghardt, G. M. (1985) Animal awareness: Current perceptions and historical perspective. American Psychologist 40:905–19. [GMB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Burghardt, G. M. (1991) Cognitive ethology and critical anthropomorphism: A snake with two heads and hognose snakes that play dead. In: Cognitive ethology: The minds of other animals, ed. Ristau, C. A.. Erlbaum. [GMB]Google Scholar

Butterworth, G. (in press) Origins of self-perception in infancy. Psychological Inquiry. [DJP]Google Scholar

Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A. (1988) Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans. Clarendon Press. [BMFG]Google Scholar

Chandler, M. J., Fritz, A. S. & Hala, S. (1989) Small-scale deceit: Deception as a marker of two-, three-, and four-year-olds' early theories of mind. Child Development 60:1263–77. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cheney, D. L. (1983) Extra-familial alliances among vervet monkeys. In: Primate social relationships, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Basil Blackwell. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990) How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species. University of Chicago Press. [HGF, PAG, DJP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Churchland, P. (1984) Matter and consciousness. MIT Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Cohen, N. J. & Squire, L. R. (1980) Preserved learning and retention pattern-analyzing skill in amnesia: Dissociation of knowing how and knowing that. Science 210:207–10. [RMR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Colvin, J. (1983) Description of sibling and peer relationships among immature male rhesus monkeys. In: Primate social relationships, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Basil Blackwell. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Cords, M. (1988) Resolution of aggressive conflicts by immature long-tail macaques, M. fascicularis. Animal Behaviour 36:1124–36. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cosmides, L. (1989) The logic of social exchange: Has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task. Cognition 31:181–276. [LAD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. (1989) Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. II. Case study: A computational theory of social exchange. Ethology and Sociobiology 10:51–97. [LAD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coss, R. G. & Owings, D. H. (1985) Restraints on ground squirrel antipredator behavior: Adjustments over multiple time scales. In: Issues in the ecological study of learning, ed. Johnston, T. D. & Pietrewicz, A. T.. Erlbaum. [DHO]Google Scholar

Dasser, V. (1985) Cognitive complexity in primate social relationships. In: Social relationships and cognitive development, ed. Hinde, R. A., Perret-Clermont, A. & Stevenson-Hinde, J.. Oxford University Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Dasser, V. (1988) A social concept in Java monkeys. Animal Behaviour 36:255–30. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davidson, D. (1975) Thought and talk. In: Mind and language, ed. Guttenplan, S.. Oxford University Press. [CA]Google Scholar

Davidson, I. & Noble, W. (1989) The archaeology of perception: Traces of depiction and language. Current Anthropology 30:125–55. [WN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davis, R. T., Leary, R. W., Stevens, D. A. & Thompson, R. F. (1967) Learning and perception of oddity problems by lemurs and seven species of monkey. Primates 8:311–22. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dawkins, R. (1986) The blind watchmaker. W. W. Norton. [aDLC]Google Scholar

DeLoache, J. S. (1987) Rapid change in the symbolic functioning of very young children. Science 238:1556–57. [FH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dennett, D. C. (1971) Intentional systems. Journal of Philosophy 68:68–87. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dennett, D. C. (1978) Brainstorms: Philosophical essays on mind and psychology. The MIT Press. [PAG]Google Scholar

Dennett, D. C. (1983) Intentional systems in cognitive ethology: The “Panglossian paradigm” defended. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:343–55. [arDLC, PAG, WN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dennett, D. C. (1987) The intentional stance. MIT Press. [aDLC, CA, PAG]Google Scholar

de Waal, F. (1982) Chimpanzee politics. Harper & Row. [aDLC, GMB, MT]Google Scholar

Dennett, D. C. (1987) Dynamics of social relationships. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Dennett, D. C. (1989) Peacemaking among primates. Harvard University Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

deWaal, F. B. M. & Ren, R.-M. (1988) Comparison of the reconciliation behavior of stumptail and rhesus macaques. Ethology 78:129–42. [aDLC]Google Scholar

de Waal, F. B. M. & van Roosmalen, A. (1979) Reconciliation and consolation among chimpanzees. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 5:55–66. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

de Waal, F. B. M. & Yoshihara, D. (1983) Reconciliation and redirected aggression in rhesus monkeys. Behaviour 85:224–41. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dickinson, A. (1980) Contemporary animal learning theory. Cambridge University Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Dittrich, W. (1988) Wie klassifizieren Javaneraffen (Macaca fascicularis) natürliche Muster? Ethology 77:187–208. [WHD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dittrich, W. (1990) Das Erkennen von Ausdrucksbewegungen aus den Bewegungen des Gesichts. Psychologische Beiträge 3/4, in press. [WHD]Google Scholar

Donnelley, S. & Nolan, K., eds. (1990) Animals, science and ethics. Special supplement of the Hastings Center, vol. 20(3), May/June. [GMB]Google ScholarPubMed

Elowson, A. M., Tannenbaum, P. L. & Snowdon, C. T. (in press) Foodassociated calls correlate with food preferences in cotton-top tamarins. Animal Behaviour. [CTS]Google Scholar

Emlen, S. T. & Wrege, P. H. (1988) The role of kinship in helping decisions among white-fronted bee-eaters. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 23:305–15. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Enomoto, T. (1978) On social preference in sexual behavior of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Journal of Human Evolution 7:283–93. [HG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Essock-Vitale, S. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1987) Intelligence and Social cognition. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Flavell, J. H. (1988) The development of children's knowledge about the mind: From cognitive connections to mental representations. In: Developing theories of mind, ed. Astington, J. W., Harris, P. L. & Olson, D. R.. Cambridge University Press. [DJP]Google Scholar

Flavell, J. H., Everett, B. A., Croft, K. & Flavell, E. R. (1981) Young children's knowledge about visual perception: Further evidence for the Level 1-Level 2 distinction. Developmental Psychology 17:99–103. [AW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Flavell, J. H., Green, F. L. & Flavell, E. R. (1989) Young children's ability to differentiate appearance-reality and level 2 perspectives in the tactile modality. Child Development 60:201–13. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fodor, J. (1981) The mind-body problem. Scientific American 244(1): 114–23. [PAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fodor, J. (1983) The modularity of mind. Bradford Books. [rDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fodor, J. A. & Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1981) How direct is visual perception? Some reflection on Gibson's “ecological approach.” Cognition 9:139–96. [aDLC, PAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Frith, U. (1989) Autism: Explaining the enigma. Blackwell. [FH]Google Scholar

Furth, H. G. (1966) Thinking without language: Psychological implications of deafness. The Free Press. [HGF]Google Scholar

Furth, H. G. (1987) Knowledge as desire: An essay on Freud and Piaget. Columbia University Press. [HGF]Google Scholar

Furth, H. G. (1992a) Psychoanalysis and social thought: The endogenous origin of society. Political Psychology, in press. [HGF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Furth, H. G. (1992b) The developmental origin of human societies. In: Piaget's theory: Prospects and possibilities, ed. Beilin, H. & Pufall, P. B.. Erlbaum, in press. [HGF]Google Scholar

Furth, H. G. & Kane, S. R. (1992) Children constructing society: A new perspective on children at play. In: Childhood social development: Contemporary perspectives, ed. McGurk, H. G.. Erlbaum, in press. [HGF]Google Scholar

Gaffan, D. (1987) Amnesia, personal memory, and the hippocampus: Experimental neuropsychological studies in monkeys. In: Cognitive neurochemistry, ed. Stahl, S. M., Iversen, S. D. & Goodman, E. C.. Oxford University Press. [RMR]Google Scholar

Galdikas, B. M. F. & Vasey, P. (in press) Why are orangutans so smart? In: Primate cognition, ed. F. Burton. [BMFG]Google Scholar

Galef, B. G. (1981) The ecology of weaning: Parasitism and the achievement of independence by altricial mammals. In: Parental care in mammals, ed. Gubernick, D. J. & Klopfer, P. H.. Plenum Press. [DHO]Google Scholar

Gallistel, C. R. (1989) The organization of learning. MIT Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Gallup, G. G. & Suarez, S. D. (1986) Self-awareness and the emergence of mind in humans and other primates. In: Psychological perspectives on the self, vol. 3, ed. Suls, J. & Greenwald, A. G.. Erlbaum. [DJP]Google Scholar

Gallup, G. G. Jr. (1982) Self-awareness and the emergence of mind in primates. American Journal of Primatology 2:237–48. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gallup, G. G. Jr. (1983) Toward a comparative psychology of mind. In: Animal cognition and behavior, ed. Mellgren, R. E.. North Holland. [DJP]Google Scholar

Gallup, G. G. Jr. (1985) Do minds exist in species other than our own? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 9:631–41. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gallup, G. G. & Suarez, S. D. (1986) Self-awareness and the emergence of mind in humans and other primates. In: Psychological perspectives on the self, vol. 3, ed. Suls, J. & Greenwald, A. G.. Erlbaum. [DJP]Google Scholar

Gardner, H. (1987) The mind's new science: A history of the cognitive revolution, 2nd ed.Basic Books. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Gibson, J. J. (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Houghton Mifflin. [PAG]Google Scholar

Gillberg, C. (1991) Clinical and neurobiological aspects of Asperger syndrome in six family studies. In: Autism and Asperger syndrome, ed. Frith, U.. Cambridge University Press. [FH]Google Scholar

Glotzbach, P. A. (1983) Referential inscrutability, perception, and the empirical foundation of meaning. Philosophical Research Archives 9:535–69. [PAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Glotzbach, P. A. (in press) Determining the primary problem of visual perception: A Gibsonian response to the “correlations” objection. Philosophical Psychology. [PAG]Google Scholar

Glotzbach, P. A. & Heft, H. (1982) Ecological and phenomenological contributions to the psychology of perception. NOUS 16:108–21. [PAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goodall, J. (1986) The chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of behavior. The Belknap Press/Harvard University Press. [CB]Google Scholar

Gould, J. L. (1982) Ethology: The mechanisms of evolution and behavior. W. W. Norton. [arDLC]Google Scholar

Gould, J. L. & Gould, C. G. (1988) The honey bee. W. H. Freeman. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Greenfield, P. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1990) Grammatical combination in Pan paniscus: Processes of learning and invention in the evolution and development of language. In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [rDLC]Google Scholar

Gregory, R. L. (1980) Perceptions as hypotheses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 290:181–97. [WHD]Google ScholarPubMed

Griffin, D. (1976) The question of animal awareness: Evolutionary continuity of mental experience. Rockefeller University Press. [GMB, MT]Google Scholar

Griffin, D. (1982) Animal mind - human mind. Springer. [WHD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Groves, C. P. (1989) A theory of human and primate evolution. Clarendon Press. [WN]Google Scholar

Hamilton, W. D. (1964) The genetical evolution of social behavior, I. and II. Journal of Theoretical Biology 7:1–51. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Happé, F. G. E. (1991) The autobiographical writings of three Asperger syndrome adults: Problems of interpretation and implications for theory. In: Autism and Asperger syndrome, ed. Frith, U.. Cambridge University Press. [FH]Google Scholar

Harcourt, A. H. (1988) Alliances in contest and social intelligence. In: Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans, ed. Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A.. Clarendon Press. [BMFG]Google Scholar

Haring, V., Gray, J. E., McClure, B. A., Anderson, M. A. & Clarke, A. E. (1990) Self-incompatibility: A self-recognition system in plants. Science 250:937–41. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Harlow, H. F. (1949) The formation of learning sets. Psychological Review 56:51–65. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hauser, M. D. (1986) Male responsiveness to infant distress calls in freeranging vervet monkeys. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 19:65–71. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hauser, M. D. & Wrangham, R. W. (1987) Manipulation of food calls in captive chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica 48:207–10. [CTS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hayes, K. C. & Hayes, C. (1952) Imitation in a home-raised chimpanzee. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 45:450–59. [AW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Heft, H. (1989) Affordances and the body: An intentional analysis of Gibson's ecological approach to visual perception. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 19:1–30. [PAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hegner, R. E. & Emlen, S. T. (1987) Territorial organization of the whitefronted bee-eater in Kenya. Ethology 76:189–222. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Herrnstein, R. J. (1985) Riddles of natural categorization. In: Animal intelligence, ed. Weiskrantz, L.. Clarendon Press. [WHD]Google Scholar

Herrnstein, R. J. (1990) Levels of stimulus control: A functional approach. Cognition 37:133–66. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hilgard, E. (1980) Consciousness in contemporary psychology. Animal Review of Psychology 31:1–26. [GMB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hobson, R. P. (1984) Early childhood autism and the question of egocentrism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 14:85–104. [FH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Howe, M. J. A. (1988) Intelligence as an explanation. British Journal of Psychology 79:349–60. [WHD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Humphrey, N. K. (1976) The social function of intellect. In: Growing points in ethology, ed. Bateson, P. & Hinde, R. A.. Cambridge University Press. [aDLC, JS]Google Scholar

Humphrey, N. K. (1983) Consciousness regained. Oxford University Press (Oxford). [aDLC, LM]Google Scholar

Huxley, A. F. (1983) How far will Darwin take us? In: Evolution from molecules to men, ed. Bendall, D. S.. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [WN]Google Scholar

Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1987) The mental representation of the meaning of words. Cognition 25:189–211. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jolly, A. (1966) Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence. Science 153:501–06. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jolly, A. (1979) Feeding versus social factors in cognitive evolution: Can't we have it both ways? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:389–90. [BMFG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jolly, A. (1985) The evolution of primate behavior, 2nd ed.Macmillan. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Jones, E. E. (1990) Interpersonal perception. Freeman. [SIP]Google Scholar

Judge, P. (1982) Redirection of aggression based on kinship in a captive group of pigtail macaques. International Journal of Primatology 3:301. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Kamil, A. C. (1987) A synthetic approach to the study of animal intelligence. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 7:257–38. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Koehler, W. (1925) The mentality of apes. Humanities Press. [EV]Google Scholar

Krebs, J. R. & Dawkins, R. (1984) Animal signals: Mindreading and manipulation. In: Behavioral ecology: An integrated approach, ed. Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B.. Basil Blackwell. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B. (1990) Behavioural ecology: An evolutionary approach, 3rd ed.Basil Blackwell. [AW]Google Scholar

Kummer, H. (1971) Primate Societies. Aldine. [aDLC, AW]Google Scholar

Kummer, H. (1982) Social knowledge in free-ranging primates. In: Animal mind - human mind, ed. Griffin, D. R.. Springer-Verlag. [aDLC, AW]Google Scholar

Langer, E. (1989) Mindfulness. Addison-Wesley. [SIP]Google Scholar

Lea, S. E. G. (1984) In what sense do pigeons learn concepts? In: Animal cognition, ed. Roitblat, H. L., Bever, T. G. & Terrace, H. S.. Erlbaum. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Lea, S. E. G. & Ryan, C. M. E. (1990) Unnatural concepts and the theory of concept discrimination in birds. In: Quantitative analyses of behavior, vol. 8: Behavioral approaches to pattern recognition and concept formation, ed. Commons, M. L., Herrnstein, R. J., Kosslyn, S. & Mumford, D.. Erlbaum. [WHD]Google Scholar

Lee, P. C. (1983) Context-specific unpredictability in dominance interactions. In: Primate social relationships, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Basil Blackwell. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Leekam, S. & Perner, J. (in press) Does the autistic child have a metarepresentational deficit? Cognition. [FH]Google Scholar

Leslie, A. M. (1986) Getting development off the ground: Modularity and the infant's perception of causality. In: Theory building in development, ed. van Gest, P.. North-Holland. [EV]Google Scholar

Leslie, A. M. (1987) Pretence and representation: The origins of “theory of mind.” Psychological Review 94:84–426. [rDLC, FH, DJP, AW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Leslie, A. M. (1988) The necessity of illusion: Perception and thought in infancy. In: Thought without language, ed. Weiskrantz, L.. Oxford University Press. [EV]Google Scholar

Leslie, A. M. & Frith, U. (1988) Autistic children's understanding of seeing, knowing and believing. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 6:315–24. [FH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Leslie, A. M. & Keeble, S. (1987) Do six-month-old infants perceive causality? Cognition 25:265–88. [EV]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Leslie, A. M. & Thaiss, L. (in press) Domain specificity and conceptual development: Neuropsychological evidence from autism. Cognition. [FH]Google Scholar

Lloyd Morgan, C. (1894) Introduction to comparative psychology. William R. Scott. [AJF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lorenz, K. (1975) Evolution and modification of behavior. University of Chicago Press. [WHD]Google Scholar

Loughry, W. J. & McDonough, C. M. (1988) Calling and vigilance in California ground squirrels: A test of the tonic communication hypotheses. Animal Behaviour 36:1533–540. [DHO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mackintosh, N. J. (1983) Conditioning and associative learning. Oxford University Press. [WHD]Google Scholar

Markl, H. (1985) Manipulation, modulation, information, cognition: Some of the riddles of communication. In: Experimental behavioral ecology & sociobiology, ed. Holldobler, B. & Lindauer, M.. Sinauer. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Markus, H. & Zajonc, R. B. (1985) The cognitive perspective in social psychology. In: Handbook of social psychology, 3rd ed., ed. Lindzey, G. & Aronson, E.. Random House. [SIP]Google Scholar

Marler, P. (1977) Primate vocalizations: Affective or symbolic? In: Progress in ape research, ed. Bourne, G. H.. Academic Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Marler, P., Dufty, A. & Pickert, R. (1986) Vocal communication in the domestic chicken. I. Does a sender communicate information about the quality of a food referent to a receiver? Animal Behaviour 34:188–93. [CTS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Marler, P., Karkashian, S. & Gyger, M. (1990) Do animals have the option of withholding signals when communication is inappropriate? In: Cognitive ethology: The minds of other animals (essays in honor of Donald R. Griffin), ed. Ristau, C.. Erlbaum. [aDLC, DAD]Google Scholar

Marshall, J. C. (1970) The biology of communication in man and animals. In: New horizons in linguistics, ed. Lyons, J.. Penguin. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Mason, W. A. (1978) Environmental models and mental modes: Representational processes in the great apes. In: The great apes: Perspectives on human evolution, ed. Hamburg, D. R. & McCown, E. R.. Benjamin/Cummings. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Mason, W. A. (1986) Behavior implies cognition. In: Integrating scientific disciplines, ed. Bechtel, W.. Martinus Nijhoff. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Maynard Smith, J. (1974) The theory of games and the evolution of animal conflict. Journal of Theoretical Biology 47:209–21. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McArthur, L. Z. & Baron, R. M. (1983) Toward an ecological theory of social perception. Psychological Review 90:215–38. [PAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McFarland, D. (1989) Problems in animal behaviour. Longman. [WHD]Google Scholar

Menzel, C. R. (1991) Cognitive aspects of foraging in Japanese monkeys. Animal Behavior 41:397–402. [BMFG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Menzel, E. W. (1971) Communication about the environment in a group of young chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica 15:220–32. [WN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Michaels, C. F. & Carello, C. (1981) Direct perception. Prentice-Hall [DHO]Google Scholar

Milton, K. (1988) Foraging behavior and the evolution of primate intelligence. Iń: Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes and humans, ed. Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A.. Oxford University Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Mishkin, M., Malamut, B. & Bachevalier, J. (1984) Memories and habits: Two neural systems. In: Neurobiology of learning and memory, ed. Lynch, G., McGaugh, J. L. & Weinberger, N. M.. Guildford Press. [RMR]Google Scholar

Mishkin, M., Spiegler, B. J.Saunders, R. C. & Malamut, B. L. (1982) An animal model of global amnesia. In: Alzheimer's disease: A review of progress, ed. Corkin, S., David, K. L., Growden, J. H., Usdin, E. & Wurtman, R. J.. Raven Press. [RMR]Google Scholar

Monahan, J. (1982) The prediction of violent behavior: Developments in psychology and law. In: The master lecture series, vol. 2: Psychology and the law, ed. Scheirer, C. J. & Hammonds, B. L.. American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C. [LM]Google Scholar

Nagel, T. (1974) What is it like to be a bat? Philosophical Review 83:435–50. [CA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nisbett, R. E. & Wilson, T. D. (1977) Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review 84:231–59. [SIP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nishida, T. (1983) Alpha status and agonistic alliance in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). Primates 24:318–36. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Noble, W. & Davidson, I. (1991) The evolutionary emergence of modern human behaviour: Language and its archaeology. Man: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 26:602–32. [WN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nunez, M. & Riviere, A. (1990) Theory of mind and other cognitive developments. Poster presented at IV European Conference of Developmental Psychology, Stirling, Scotland. [FH]Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. & Hennessy, D. F. (1984) The importance of variation in sciurid visual and vocal communication. In: The biology of grounddwelling squirrels, ed. Murie, J. O. & Michener, G. R.. University of Nebraska Press. [DHO]Google Scholar

Owings, D. H., & Loughry, W. J. (1985) Variation in snake-elicited jumpyipping by black-tailed prairie dogs: Ontogeny and snake specificity. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 70:177–200. [DHO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Owings, D. H., Hennessy, D. F., Leger, D. W. & Gladney, A. B. (1986) Different functions of “alarm” calling for different time scales: A preliminary report on ground squirrels. Behavior 99:101–16. [DHO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Packer, C. (1977) Reciprocal altruism in olive baboons. Nature 265:441–43. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Parker, S. & Gibson, K. (eds.) (1990) “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Paul, R. (1987) Communication. In: Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders, ed. Cohen, D. J., Donnellan, A. M. & Paul, R.. Wiley. [FH]Google Scholar

Perner, J. (in press) Understanding the representational mind. MIT Press. [DJP]Google Scholar

Perrett, D. I. P., Benson, P. J., Hietanen, J. K., Oram, M. W. & Dittrich, W. H. (in press) When is a face not a face? Correlations between perception and single neurons. In: Anomalies of space, form, colour in perception and art: Links with normal and abnormal brain function, ed. R. Gregory & J. Harris. [WHD]Google Scholar

Piaget, J. (1945) La formation du symbole chez l'enfant. Delachaux & Niestlé. [EV]Google Scholar

Plutchik, R. (1980) Emotion: Theory, research, and experience. Academic Press. [LM]Google Scholar

Povinelli, D. J. & deBlois, S. T. (submitted) Young children's (Homo sapiens) understanding of knowledge formation in themselves and others. Journal of Comparative Psychology. [DJP]Google Scholar

Povinelli, D. J., Nelson, K. E. & Boysen, S. T. (1990) Inferences about guessing and knowing by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 104:203–10. [rDLC, DJP, EV, AW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Povinelli, D. J., Nelson, K. E. & Boysen, S. T. (in press) Comprehension of role-reversal in chimpanzees: Evidence of empathy? Animal Behaviour. [DJP]Google Scholar

Povinelli, D. J., Parks, K. A. & Novak, M. A. (in press) Do rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto) attribute knowledge and ignorance to others? Journal of Comparative Psychology. [DJP]Google Scholar

Povinelli, D. J., Parks, K. A. & Novak, M. A. (submitted) Role reversal in rhesus monkeys: No evidence of empathy. Animal Behaviour. [DJP]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (1976) Intelligence in ape and man. Erlbaum. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (1983) The codes of man and beast. Behavioral & Brain Sciences 6:125–67. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Premack, D. (1986) Gavagai. MIT Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (1988a) “Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?” revisited. In: Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans, ed. Byrne, R. & Whiten, A.. Oxford University Press (Oxford). [SB-C, HGF, AW]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (1988b) Minds with and without language. In: Thought without language, ed. Weiskrantz, I.. Oxford University Press. [EV]Google Scholar

Premack, D. & Dasser, V. (1991) Perceptual origins and conceptual evidence for theory of mind in apes and children. In: Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Basil Blackwell. [AW]Google Scholar

Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1978) Does the chimpanzee have a “theory of mind”? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:515–26. [aDLC, SB-C]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Quattrone, G. A. (1985) On the congruity between internal states and action. Psychological Bulletin 98:3–40. [SIP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Quine, W. V. O. (1960) Word and object. MIT Press. [aDLC, PAG]Google Scholar

Reed, E. S. (1988) James J. Gibson and the psychology of perception. Yale University Press. [PAG]Google Scholar

Rescorla, R. A. (1988) Pavlovian conditioning: It's not what you think it is. American Psychologist 43:151–60. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ridley, R. M. & Baker, H. F. (1991) A critical evaluation of primate models of amnesia and dementia. Brain Research Reviews 16:15–37. [RMR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roitblat, H. (1987) Introduction to comparative cognition. W. H. Freeman. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Romanes, G. J. (1874) Migration of birds. Nature 10:520–21. [DAD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Romanes, G. J. (1882) Animal intelligence. Kegan Paul. [DAD, AJF]Google Scholar

Romanes, G. J. (1885a) Jelly-fish, star-fish, and sea-urchins being a research in primitive nervous systems. Appleton. [DAD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Romanes, G. J. (1885b) Homing faculty of Hymenoptera. Nature 32:630. [DAD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B., eds. (1978) Cognition and categorization. Erlbaum. [WHD]Google Scholar

Rozin, P. (1976) The evolution of intelligence and access to the cognitive unconscious. In: Progress in psychology, vol. 6, eds. Sprague, J. N. & Epstein, A. N., Academic Press. [aDLC, WHD]Google Scholar

Rozin, P. & Schull, J. (1988) The adaptive-evolutionary point of view in experimental psychology. In: Handbook of experimental psychology: Motivation, ed. Atkinson, R., Herrnstein, R. J., Lindsey, G. & Luce, R. D.. John Wiley. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Russell, J., Mauthner, N., Sharpe, S. & Tidswell, T. (1991) The “windows task” as a measure of strategic deception in preschoolers and autistic subjects. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 9:101–19. [FH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schleidt, W. M. (1973) Tonic communication: Continual effects of discrete signs in animal communication systems. Journal of Theoretical Biology 42:359–86. [DHO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Searle, J. R. (1990) Consciousness, explanatory inversion and cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:585–95. [WHD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seyfarth, R. M. (1977) A model of social grooming among adult female monkeys. Journal of Theoretical Biology 65:671–98. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seyfarth, R. M. (1980) The distribution of grooming and related behaviors among adult female vervet monkeys. Animal Behavior 28:798–813. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D. L. (1984) Grooming, alliances, and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys. Nature 308:541–43. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Siegal, M. & Beattie, K. (1991) Where to look first for children's knowledge of false beliefs. Cognition 38:1–12. [DJP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sigg, H. & Stolba, A. (1981) Home range and daily march in a hamadryas baboon troop. Folia Primatologica 36:40–75. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Silk, J. B. (1982) Altruism among female Macaca radiata: Explanations and analysis of patterns of grooming and coalition formation. Behaviour 79:162–88. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Simon, H. A. (1981) The sciences of the artificial, 2nd ed.MIT Press. [WHD]Google Scholar

Skinner, B. F. (1990) Can psychology be a science of mind? American Psychologist 45:1206–10. [GMB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, E. E. & Medin, D. L. (1981) Categories and concepts. Harvard University Press. [WHD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, H. J., Newman, J. D. & Symmes, D. (1982) Vocal concomitants of affiliative behavior in squirrel monkeys. In: Primate communication, ed. Snowden, C. T., Brown, C. H. & Petersen, M.Cambridge University Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Smith, J. D., Schull, J. & Washburn, D. A. (in preparation) Metacognition in the rhesus monkey, macaca mulatta. [JS]Google Scholar

Smith, W. J. (1986) Signaling behavior: Contributions of different repertoires. In: Dolphin cognition and behavior: A comparative approach, ed. Schusterman, R. J., Thomas, J. A. & Wood, F. G.Erlbaum. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Smith, W. J. (1990) Animal communication and the study of cognition. In: Cognitive ethology: The minds of other animals (essays in honor of Donald R. Griffin), ed. Ristau, C.. Erlbaum. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Smith, W. J., Smith, S. L., Oppenheimer, E. C. & Devilla, J. G. (1977) Vocalizations of the black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus. Animal Behavior 25:152–64. [DHO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Smuts, B. B. (1985) Sex and friendship in baboons. Aldine. [HG]Google Scholar

Snowden, C. T. & Hodun, A. (1981) Acoustic adaptations in pygymy marmoset contact calls: Locatiooal cues vary with distance between conspecifics. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 9:295–300. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sodian, B. & Frith, U. (in press) Deception and sabotage in autistic, retarded and normal children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. [FH]Google Scholar

Sperber, D. & Wilson, D. (1986) Relevance: Communication and cognition. Basil Blackwell. [FH]Google Scholar

Squire, L. R. (1986) Mechanisms of memory. Science 232:1612–619. [RMR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Stammbach, E. (1988) Group responses to specially skilled individuals in a Macaca fascicularis group. Behaviour 107:241–66. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Steklis, H. D. & Raleigh, M. J. (1979) Behavioral and neurobiological aspects of primate vocalization and facial expressions. In: Neurobiology of social communication in primates, ed. Steklis, H. D. & Raleigh, M. J.. Academic Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Stewart, K. J. & Harcourt, A. H. (1987) Gorillas: Variation in female relationships. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Strong, P. N. & Hedges, M. (1966) Comparative studies in simple oddity learning. I. Cats, raccoons, monkeys, and chimpanzees. Psychonomic Science 5:13–14. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Struhsaker, T. T. (1967) Auditory communication among vervet monkeys. In: Social communication among primates, ed. Altmann, S. A.. University of Chicago Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Takahata, Y. (1982) Social relations between adult males and females of Japanese monkeys in the Arashiyama B troop. Primates 23:1–23. [HG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tan, J. & Harris, P. (1990) Autistic children understand seeing and wanting. Unpublished manuscript. [FH]Google Scholar

Tinbergen, N. (1951) The study of instinct. Oxford University Press. [AW]Google Scholar

Tinbergen, N. (1959) Comparative studies of the behavior of gulls. (Laridae): A progress report. Behavior 15:1–70. [AW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tinbergen, N. (1963) On aims and methods of ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 20:410–29 [GMB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tinbergen, N. & Kruyt, W. (1938) Ueber die Orientierung des Bienenwolfes (Philanthus triangulum Fabr.) III. Die Bevorzugung bestimmter Wegmarken. Zeitschrift der Vergleichende Physiologie 25:292–334. [CTS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tomasello, M. (1990) Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signalling of chimpanzees? In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. & Gibson, K.. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [MT]Google Scholar

Tomasello, M., Davis-Dasilva, M., Camak, L. & Bard, K. (1987) Observational learning of tool-use by young chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution 2:175–83. [CB, AW].CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (1989) Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, part I: Theoretical considerations. Ethology and Sociobiology 10:29–50. [SIP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Uexküll, J. von (1934/1957) A stroll through the world of animals and men. In: Instinctive behavior, ed. Schiller, C. H.. International Universities Press. [GMB]Google Scholar

Visalberghi, E. (in press) Capuchin monkeys. A window into tool use activities by apes and humans. In: Tools, language and cognition in human evolution, ed. K. Gibson & T. Ingold. Cambridge University Press. [EV]Google Scholar

Visalberghi, E. & Fragszy, D. (1990) Do monkeys ape? In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes, ed. Parker, S. & Gibson, K.. Cambridge University Press. [EV]Google Scholar

Visalberghi, E. & Limongelli, L. (in preparation) Comprehension of causeeffect relationships in tool-using capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). [EV]Google Scholar

Visalberghi, E. & Trinca, L. (1989) Tool use in capuchin monkeys: Distinguishing between performing and understanding. Primates 30:511–21. [EV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

von Frisch, K. (1967) The dance language and orientation of bees. Harvard University Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Walters, J. R. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1987) Conflict and cooperation. In: Primate societies, ed. Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [aDLC]Google Scholar

Weiner, B. (1985) Spontaneous causal search. Psychological Bulletin 97:74–84. [SIP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weiskrantz, L., ed. (1985) Animal intelligence. Clarendon Press. [WHD]Google Scholar

Wellman, H. M. (1991) From desires to beliefs: Acquisition of a theory of mind. In: Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Basil Blackwell. [AW]Google Scholar

Whiten, A. (1989a) Transmission mechanisms in primate cultural evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 4:61–62. [AW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Whiten, A. (1989b) From literal to non-literal social knowledge in human ontogeny and primate phytogeny. Paper presented at Primate Society of Great Britain meeting on Social Knowledge in Primates, 1988. Primate Eye 37:11 (abstract). [AW]Google Scholar

Whiten, A. (1991a) Natural theories of mind. Evolution, development and simulation of everyday mind reading. Basil Blackwell. [EV]Google Scholar

Whiten, A. (1991b) Inside the monkey mind. Current Anthropology (in press). [AW]Google Scholar

Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1988a) The manipulation of attention in primate tactical deception. In: Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes and humans, ed. Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A.. Oxford University Press. [AW]Google Scholar

Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1988b) Tactical deception in primates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11:233–73. [aDLC, AW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1991) The emergence of metarepresentation in human ontogeny and primate phylogeny. In: Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Basil Blackwell. [EV, AW]Google Scholar

Whiten, A. & Ham, R. (1992) On the nature and evolution of imitation in the animal kingdom: Reappraisal of a century of research. In: Advances in the study of behavior, vol. 21, ed. Slater, P. J. B., Rosenblatt, J. S. & Beer, C.. Academic Press. [AW]Google Scholar

Woodruff, G. & Premack, D. (1979) Intentional communication in the chimpanzee: The development of deception. Cognition 7:333–62. [EV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wulff, S. B. (1985) The symbolic and object play of children with autism: A review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities 15:139–48. [FH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

York, A. D. & Rowell, T. E. (1988) Reconciliation following aggression in patas monkeys, Erythrocebus patas. Animal Behaviour 36:502–09. [aDLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zaitchik, D. (1990) When representations conflict with reality: The preschoolers' problem with false belief and “false” photographs. Cognition 35:41–68. [FH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Zajonc, R. B. (1965) Social facilitation. Science 149:269–74. [DAD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Zajonc, R. B. (1984) On the primacy of affect. American Psychologist 39:117–23. [SIP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar