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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2025
The election for Governor of Okinawa on 19 November is unique among prefectural elections in Japan in its national, regional and even global implications. The Japanese state has been struggling for more than a decade to secure the compliance of Okinawan people with an agenda whose core is priority to the US alliance over the constitution and priority to military (songun) over civil or democratic principle, something that it abhors when practiced by North Korea.
[1] George H. Kerr, Okinawa: The History of an Island People, New York, Tuttle 1958, p. 10.
[2] Ota Masahide, Okinawa – kichinaki shima e no michishirube, Tokyo, Shueisha, 2000, pp. 60-63.
[3] This was almost certainly illegal, in breach of the review and public notification procedures prescribed by Article 31 of the Environmental Assessment Law.
[4] Urashima Etsuko, a local activist, author, and environmentalist, has written a powerful chronicle of the local movement: Henoko – umi no tatakai, Tokyo, Impakuto shuppankai, 2005.
[5] Kanako Takahara, “Japan, U.S. agree on a new Futenma site,” Japan Times, 27 October 2005.
[6] By fifty per cent, according to Ginowan mayor Iha Yoichi, addressing a meeting at Meiji University, 2 July 2006.
[7] These are matters dealt with in more detail in my Client State: Japan in the American Embrace, Verso, forthcoming May 2007.
[8] Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tokyo, Security Consultative Committee Document, U.S.-Japan Alliance: Transformation and Realignment for the Future, October 29, 2005, by Secretary of State Rice, Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld, Minister of Foreign Affairs Machimura, and Minister of State for Defense Ohno; Japanese text in Asahi shimbun. 30 Otober 2005.
[9] Asahi shimbun, 9 November 2005.
[10] Opinion surveys, Okinawa Times, 14 September 2004; Ryukyu shimpo, 22 June 2005; and Okinawa Times, 5 November 2005.
[11] Hiyane Teruo, “Kawaru kokka zo – Okinawa no kiki,” Ryukyu shimpo, 7 and 8 November 2005.
[12] “Kyoken – Okinawa neraiuchi/hanron fusatsu ni tsuyoi ikari,” Okinawa Times, 27 October 2005.
[13] Okinawa Times, 19 April 2006.
[14] Ryukyu shimpo, 14 April 2006.
[15] Tatsuya Fukumoto and Takashi Imai, “Okinawa torn over base plan,” Daily Yomiuri Online, 11 April 2006.
[16] Japan Times, 5 May 2006.
[17] Daily Yomiuri Online, 14 April 2006.
[18] Asahi shimbun, 30 May 2006.
[19] Sato Manabu, “Futenma no shikkoku,” Gekkan jichiken, August 2006.
[20] Takashi Imai, “Uncertainty surrounds base relocation,” Daily Yomiuri Online, 29 August 2006.
[21] For electoral details, Eric Johnston, “Okinawan election with US base plan in the balance,” Japan Focus, 10 November 2006.
[22] “Patoriotto, 31 shucho, haibi hantai,” Ryukyu shimpo, 7 October 2006.
[23] “‘Senryoka to kawarazu’ chubu shucho issai ni hanpatsu,” Ryukyu shimpo, 12 October 2006.
[24] Gavan McCormack, Sato Manabu, and Urashima Etsuko, “The Nago mayoral election and Okinawa's search for a way beyond bases and dependence,” Japan Focus, 16 February 2006.
[25] Quoted in Kawabata Shunichi and Manabe Hiroki, “Futenma 10 nen shima no sentaku,” Asahi shimbun, 23 October 2006.
[26] Ota Masahide, “Beyond hondo: Devolution and Okinawa,” in Glenn D. Hook and Richard Siddle, eds, Japan and Okinawa – Structure and Subjectivity, London and New York, RoutledgeCurzon, 2003, pp. 114-139, at p. 127.
[27] Hamazato Masashi, Sato Manabu, and Shimabukuro Jun, Okinawa jichishu – anata wa do kangaeru? Okinawa jichi kenkyukai, Naha, 2005.
[28] Medoruma Shun, Okinawa sengo zero nen, Tokyo, NHK seikatsu shinsho, 2005, p. 189.
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