¹Maruki Iri's illustration in Maruki Iri and Maruki Toshi's “Pikadon,” Potsudamu shoten, 1950, in Oe Kenzaburo, “Hiroshima Noto,” Iwanami Shoten, 1965, Tokyo.

²Masuda Sakiko, “Hibakusha no oi susumu zenkoku heikin nenrei 76 sai ni,” Chugoku Shimbun, 31 July 2010.

³“Kaku no kasa kara ridatsu o,” Chugoku Shimbun (gogai: extended edition), 6 August 2010.

⁴Maruki Iri (1901-1995) and Maruki Toshi (1912 – 2000)'s wide-ranging art works on Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Okinawa, Nanjing, and Auschwitz are shown at Maruki Gallery, Saitama. Link.

⁵Robert J Lifton, “Death in Life,” Random House, 1967, New York.

⁶Nihon Hidankyo (Japan Confederation of A- and H-bomb Suffers Organizations).

⁷One of the four hibakusha delegates, Miyake Nobuo, who is not in this photo, told his story before the public reading of the play “Chichi to kuraseba (The Face of Jizo)” in June 2006, in Vancouver. A report can be viewed at Peace Philosophy Centre. Link.

⁸Inoue Hisashi, “Chichi to kuraseba (The Face of Jizo),” translated by Roger Pulvers, Komatsuza, 2004. Inoue, a pacifist novelist and playwright and one of the founders of the Article 9 Association, died on April 9, 2010.

⁹Remarks by President Barack Obama in Prague, April 5, 2009. Link.

¹⁰Ploughshare Fund, Nuclear Stockpile Report. Link.

¹¹Akiba's “Obamajority” campaign, on which the city spent 2,740,000 yen (approx. US $25,000) of taxpayer's money, has been criticized by some Hiroshima citizens, saying spending Hiroshima citizens' money to support another government's (particularly one that dropped the atomic bomb on the city) policy could not be justified. Noda Kanako, “Obamajority ni kokin futo, sishutsu chushi uttae jumin kansa seikyu,” Chugoku Shimbun Hiroshima Peace Media Center, 30 July 2010.

¹²From left, Kodama Michiko (Hiroshima), Taniguchi Sumiteru (Nagasaki), Tanaka Terumi (Nagasaki), Author, Kodama Sueichi (Nagasaki)

¹³International Conference for a Nuclear-Free, Peaceful, Just, and Sustainable World, New York City, 30 April and 1 May, 2010. Link.

¹⁴Bill Day's video of NPT March, 2 May 2010. Link.

¹⁵Ibid. Link,

¹⁶NPT Review Conference NGO Presentations, 7 May 2010. Link.

¹⁷Statement by Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, at the UN Security Council Summit on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Nuclear Disarmament, 24 September 2009. Link.

¹⁸Joint Statement on Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Education delivered by Akio Suda, 11 May 2010. Link.

¹⁹UN Security Council Resolution 1887 reaffirmed commitment to nuclear disarmament and a shared purpose to create conditions for elimination of nuclear weapons. The significance of this resolution is more in the fact that it was the US that initiated the resolution than its content, which lacked concrete plans. Link.

²⁰In the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review, the US pledged no first-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear states that abide by Non-Proliferation Treaty protocols. It was a step forward in the sense that the US restricted the possibility of its first use, but it explicitly did not rule out the possibility of first-use against countries that did not abide by NPT rules, such as Iran and the DPRK. Link.

²¹The new START limits the possession of strategic nuclear warheads to 1,550 for both countries – 30% lower than the previous ceiling. “US and Russian leaders hail nuclear arms treaty,” BBC News, 8 April 2010. Link.

²²The Nuclear Security Summit centered on how to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, its technology and its resources, to terrorists. The participating 47 countries agreed to aim to lock down all vulnerable nuclear material within four years. Link.

²³For an overview of NPT 2010 achievements, criticism and media reports, see Peace Philosophy Centre, 28 May 2010. Link.

²⁴NPT Review Conference Final Document (VOL.I) Link 1 Link 2.

²⁵Kanazaki Yumi, “NPT Review Conference closes after unanimous adoption of Final Document,” Chugoku Shimbun Hiroshima Peace Media Center, 31 May 2010.

²⁶“UN talks back conference on nuclear-free Middle East,” BBC News, 29 May 2010. Link.

²⁷Chugoku Shimbun, May 29, 2010.

²⁸Ban Ki-moon's Five-Point Plan. Link.

²⁹Ban Ki-moon's speech at the NGO Conference at Riverside Church, New York, 1 May 2010. Link.

³⁰The opening speech by Ban Ki-moon of the NPT Review Conference in New York, 30 April 2010. Link.

³¹Hiroshima, Japan, 6 August 2010 – Secretary General's Remarks at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony. Link.

³²Oka Masaharu and Takazane Yasunori, “Chosenjin hibakusha towa (Korean hibakusha – Hidden Truths),” Nagasaki Association for Protecting Human Rights of Korean Residents in Japan, 1993, Nagasaki.

³³Takazane Yasunori's counter-statement to Ban Ki-moon's statement. Link.

³⁴For full text of Takazane's speech in Japanese and Korean, see Norimatsu Satoko's report at Peace Philosophy Centre: Link.

³⁵For more background on this island, see Peace Philosophy Centre: Link.

³⁶“Oka Masaharu Memorial Nagasaki Peace Museum” Guidebook (translated by Shomi Yoon; updated by Norimatsu Satoko, July 2010).

³⁷Narusawa Muneo, “Chosenjin hibakusha ga tou ‘100 nen no kagai,‘” Shukan Kin'yobi, 27 August 2010.

³⁸Ito Takashi, “Hiroshima, Pyongyang,” Fubaisha, 2009.

³⁹Masuda Sakiko, “Zaicho hibakusha no kenshin keikaku Hiroshima ken ishi kai 9 gatsu haken mezasu,” Chugoku Shimbun Hiroshima Peace Media Center, 19 April 2010. Link.

⁴⁰The English version of “Hiroshima, Pyongyang” has been shown at film festivals around the world. Link.

⁴¹“US Ambassador Roos, UN's Ban Attends Attend Hiroshima Event,” Bloomberg Business News, 6 August 2010. Link.

⁴²Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, US State Department, 5 August 2010. Link.

⁴³Chugoku Shimbun, 7 August 2010, P. 5.

⁴⁴Chugoku Shimbun, 7 August 2010, P. 5.

⁴⁵Hiroshima City Mayor Akiba Tadatoshi's Peace Declaration Speech, 6 August 2010. Link.

⁴⁶Chugoku Shimbun, 7 August 2010, P. 2.

⁴⁷“Summary of National Defense Program Guidelines, FY 2011,” the Ministry of Defense, 17 December 2010. Link.

⁴⁸Kanazaki Yumi, “US Conducts Subcritical Nuclear Test,” Chugoku Shimbun Hiroshima Peace Media Center, 13 October 2010.

⁴⁹Kanazaki Yumi, “A-bomb survivors stage sit-in against US subcritical test,” Chugoku Shimbun Hiroshima Peace Media Center, 15 October 2010.

⁵⁰Ibid.

⁵¹Teraoka Shun, “Bei kakujikken: akiba hiroshima shicho ga kogi bun obama daitoryo ni sofu,” Mainichi Shimbun, 13 October 2010.

⁵²Kanazaki Yumi, “World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates secretariat expresses concern over US subcritical nuclear test,” Chugoku Shimbun Hiroshima Peace Media Center, 20 October 2010.

⁵³“Obama not visiting Hiroshima, Nagasaki during Japan trip: official,” Mainichi Shimbun, 29 October 2010 Link.

⁵⁴Kanazaki Yumi, “Hiroshima responds to new that Obama will not visit the city,” Chugoku Shimbun Peace Media Center, 1 November 2010.

⁵⁵Ibid.

⁵⁶Isabel Gorst, “Russian parliament backs Start treaty,” Financial Times, 24 December 2010.

⁵⁷“Shin kakugunshuku joyaku hakko e (a new nuclear disarmament treaty to come to effect),” Asahi Shimbun, 24 December 2010, P. 1.

⁵⁸Kanazaki Yumi, “Hiroshima responds to U.S. ratification of new START treaty,” Chugoku Shimbun Hiroshima Peace Media Center, 24 December 2010.

⁵⁹“Obama shi no hiroshima nagasaki homon – beikoku deno sansei 51% (51% Americans support Obama's visit to Hiroshima and Nagasaki),” Asahi Shimbun, 24 December 2010, P. 1.

⁶⁰Barack Obama, “Breaking the War Mentality,” Sundial, 10 March 1983.

⁶¹Oe Kenzaburo, “Hiroshima and the Art of Outrage,” New York Times, 5 August 2010.

⁶²Shiroyama Elementary School. Link.

⁶³The song performed in 2009 can be viewed on YouTube. Link.

⁶⁴Oe Kenzaburo, Ibid.

⁶⁵Inoue Hisashi, “Kodomotachi ni tsutaeru nihonkoku kenpo,” Kodansha, 2006, Tokyo