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External fertilization and excapsular development in Crepidula fornicata: evaluating the risk of invasion control by dredging, crushing, and on-site rejection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2009

Alexandra Valdizan ,
Peter G. Beninger ,
Bruno Cognie  and
Priscilla Decottignies
Alexandra Valdizan
Affiliation:
Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
Peter G. Beninger
Affiliation:
Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
Bruno Cognie
Affiliation:
Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
Priscilla Decottignies
Affiliation:
Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
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Abstract

Strategies for biomass control are actively sought in response to proliferation of the introduced, suspension-feeding gastropod Crepidula fornicata along European coasts. Among these, dredging, crushing and on-site rejection may only be envisaged if the risk of further dissemination through the release of gametes and of excapsulated embryos/larvae is found to be nil or extremely low. This study evaluates such risk using three approaches: (1) determination of the periods of brood presence/absence, (2) external fertilizations of gametes obtained by gonad stripping, (3) cultures of mechanically-excapsulated embryos and larvae. A period of near- or total brood absence was observed between September 2006 and January 2007. The few zygotes (1.5% to 7.5%) obtained from external fertilizations did not proceed beyond the 4-cell stage. Excapsulated young embryos and mid-stages died in less than 4 days of culture. Despite their ability to swim, grow and feed, excapsulated veligers all died before metamorphosis. No juveniles were obtained from external fertilizations and excapsulated cultures, indicating that the release of crushed catches directly at sea could not present a dissemination risk from the standpoint of gamete or prematurely-excapsulated larval dispersal. Furthermore, by carrying out the crushing operations during the period of brood absence, the dissemination risk becomes nil. Negative ecological impact of such operations could be offset by attraction of motile predators, as yet unaccustomed to this introduced species, and their subsequent generalization to live slipper limpets and invasive feral Crassostrea gigas. At the very least, this biomass reduction approach would concentrate bottom habitat unavailability to restricted zones, freeing up the rest of the subtidal for other, formerly displaced species, as well as reducing the pressure on the trophic carrying capacity of affected habitats.

Keywords

Invasive speciesBiomass reductionReproductionBroodingDevelopmentEgg capsuleSlipper limpetCrepidula fornicata
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 22 , Issue 1 , January 2009 , pp. 21 - 28
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2009

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