Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T09:20:39.231Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Some Views on Race and Immigration During the Old Republic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

Robert M. Levine*
Affiliation:
S. U. N. Y. at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York

Extract

By The 1920's, the Brazilian population included a rich spectrum of racial and national groups dominated by an elite profoundly European in origin and outlook. At the same time, it was marked by extensive intermixture among the lower classes and public lip-service to racial tolerance, a condition attributed by Gilberto Freyre and others to Brazil's heritage, its physical environment, and its paternalistic division of labor. Most Brazilians believed that economic achievement and ability, not color, determined class standing, subscribing to the hypothesis of Brazil as a racial democracy unique among the nations.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1971

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 See, for example, Freyre, Gilberto, New World in the Tropics (The Culture of Modern Brazil), New York, 1963,Google Scholar Vintage Books edition. Hall’s, Michael M.The Origins of Mass Immigration in Brazil, 1871–1914, Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, June 1969,Google Scholar offers a detached overview.

2 Sociedade Nacional de Agricultura, Immigracão: lnquerito Promovido pela Socidade Nacional de Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, 1926, pp. 17–19 [hereafter cited as Survey].

3 de Almeida, Arthur Moreira, Atibaia, São Paulo, Survey, p. 87.Google Scholar

4 Survey, p. 40.

5 Vianna, Victor, Survey, p. 95.Google Scholar See also statement by Van Erven, Antônio, Cantagallo, , de Janeiro, Rio, Survey, p. 86.Google ScholarPubMed

6 Antônio Americano do Brasil, Distrito Federal, Survey, pp. 73–74.

7 Júnior, Alfredo Ellis, Survey, pp. 6667.Google Scholar He is cited (no title given) in Niemeyer, Waldyr, O Japonez no Brasil, de Janeiro, Rio, 1932, second edition, p. 76.Google Scholar

8 See Lobo, Bruno, De Japonez a Brasileiro, de Janeiro, Rio, 1932, pp. 164165.Google Scholar Fujii, YukioSmith, T. Lynn, The Acculturation of the Japanese Immigrants in Brazil, Gainesville, 1959.Google Scholar

9 de Faria, Gabriel B., Distrito Federal, Survey, p. 157.Google Scholar He was careful to add a statement of his “admiration” for the Japanese nation.

10 Amado, João, Salvador, Bahia, Survey, p. 187.Google Scholar

11 Alves, Olavo Affonso, Survey, p. 274.Google Scholar

12 Moreira, Gen. Guimarães, Survey, p. 279.Google ScholarPubMed

13 Ferreira, Rogaciano Pires, Monte Alto, Bahia, Survey, pp. 272273.Google Scholar

14 “Juiz Innocencio Borges da Rosa, São Sebastião do Cahy, Rio Grande do Sul, Survey, p. 171; see also João de Rezende Tostes, Juiz de Fôra, Minas Gerais, p. 197.

15 Sr.Thullier, , Survey, p. 283.Google Scholar

16 de Moura, Benedicto Marcondes, Guaratinguetá, São Paulo, Survey, p. 101.Google ScholarPubMed

17 Antônio Americano do Brasil, Distrito Federal, Survey, p. 73.

18 Lima, Antônio Pereira, Monte Santo, Bahia, Survey, p. 83.Google ScholarPubMed

19 Van Erven, Antônio, Survey, p. 86.Google ScholarPubMed

20 de Almeida, Arthur Moreira, Atibaia, São Paulo, Survey, p. 88.Google ScholarPubMed

21 Guntana, Milton and Brasil, Euripides, Alegrete, Rio Grande do Sul, Survey, p. 9495.Google Scholar

22 de Faria, Gabriel Bandeira, Distrito Federal, Survey, p. 158.Google Scholar

23 Carneiro, Gustavo, Xiririca, São Paulo, Survey, p. 165 Google ScholarPubMed; Junqueira, João F., Orlandia, São Paulo, Survey, p. 192.Google Scholar

24 da Fonseca, João Ribeiro, Survey, p. 199.Google ScholarPubMed

25 de Carvalho Filho, Joaquim Ignácio, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Survey, p. 204.Google Scholar

26 de Faria, José Bernardes, Formiga, Minas Gerais, Director-General of the Banco Oeste de Minas, Survey, p. 209.Google Scholar

27 de Almeida Júnior, Lacerda, Survey, p. 223.Google Scholar

28 Honório Álves, de O. Castro, Cacapava, Rio Grande do Sul, Survey, p. 168 Google Scholar; Milton Guntana, p. 95.

29 de Almeida Júnior, Lacerda, Survey, p. 223.Google Scholar

30 See de Almeida, Martins, Brasil Errado (Rio de Janeiro, 1932)Google Scholar; de Mello Franco, Affonso Arinos, Conceito da Civilizacão Brasileira, (Rio de Janeiro, 1936)Google Scholar; also, Ramos, Alberto Guerreiro, A Crise do Poder no Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 1961, pp. 152–77.Google Scholar