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Closing Immigration Throughout the World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2017

Harold Fields
Harold Fields*
Affiliation:
National League for American, Citizenship
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Extract

There are times when, as I look at the regulations of the countries of the world affecting immigrants, I see in my mind’s eye the building up of walled-in countries, much like the wall-encircled towns of the medieval period. I see the doors that lead to them closing more and more against the stranger. The development of international interests in our economic world seems to have sagged. In a sense, we are reverting to that stage in our history when our concern centered solely around each of ourselves, nor took into account the needs of others.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 26 , Issue 4 , October 1932 , pp. 671 - 699
Copyright
Copyright © by the American Society of International Law 1932

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References

1 Press release, Department of State, July 6, 1932.

2 Statistical Abstract, U. S., Dept. of Commerce, 1930, p. 94, Table 103.

3 Cf. p. 692, infra.

4 Aliens Order, 1920.

5 Saorstat Eireann, Statutory Rules and Orders, 1925, No. 2; The Aliens Order, Part I, (2).

6 Idem, Part II, 6, (1) et seq.

7 Laws, April 22, 1927.

8 Statement by Royal Norwegian Legation, May 8, 1931.

9 Laws, Feb. 7, 1930.

10 Statement by U. S. Consul, June 1, 1931.

11 State Journal No. 46, Act of June 4, 1858.

12 Art. 2 of the Royal Decree of July 27, 1887 (State Journal No. 141) revised by the Royal Decrees of Aug. 11, 1920 (State Journal 699) and Dec. 12, 1922 (State Journal No. 671).

13 Art. 27 of the Regulations regarding Foreigners, amplifying Art. 438 of the Criminal Code, revised by the Royal Decree of March 31, 1922 (State Journal No. 164).

14 Royal Decree Dec. 15, 1930, published in Moniteur Belge, issue of Jan. 15, 1931.

15 Laws, March 31, 1926.

16 Decree, July 10, 1929, Art. 7.

17 Decree of 1932.

18 Labor Code, Art. 4, Book III: Law, Feb. 25, 1927, Art. 4.

19 Decree, July 10, 1929, Art. 13.

20 Decision of Council of Ministers, May 20, 1932.

21 Law, Aug. 2, 1927.

22 Law, Aug. 6, 1894, known as Mantalsskrivning.

23 Royal Decree, published in Gaceta de Madrid, March 14, 1931.

24 Decree No. 18415, June 3, 1930.

25 Decree 18415, June 3, 1930.

26 Statement American Embassy, Aug. 21, 1931.

27 Law of Dec. 19, 1925, B. G. Bl. No. 457 (Inlandarbeiterschutzgesetz).

28 Decrees of March 18, 1926, and Sept. 29, 1926.

29 Decree No. 100,000/1930, par. 15, issued by the Minister of the Interior.

30 Law IV, 1921, par. 3.

31 Law of March 13, 1928, No. 39 of the Collection of Czechoslovak Laws and Decrees.

32 Law Relating to the Protection of Home Labor, promulgated by Royal Decree No. 1118 of April 1, 1930 and published in Monitorul Oficial No. 70 of April 3, 1930.

33 Statement U. S. Legation.

34 Ministerial Decree, Feb. 20, 1931.

35 Statement of the Federation of Labor Union (Konfederacja Zwiazkow Zawodowych w Polsce) of Warsaw.

36 Basic Executive Decree, June 4, 1927.

37 Statement of Swiss Consulate General.

38 Regulation of April 15, 1929 (Valdibas Vestnesis No. 83).

39 Statement of Consulate General of the Republic of Latvia.

40 Employment Law, July 14, 1930.

41 Law of June 25, 1929, par. 10.

42 Law, Feb. 27, 1925, regarding rights of pharmaceutic, dental, medical, and veterinarian Dractice. par. 2.

43 Emigration Law, Jan, 1, 1931, par. 9.

44 Law of Joint Stock Companies, Oct. 31, 1924, par. 5.

45 Lithuanian Citizenship Law, Jan. 9, 1919, par. 4.

46 Regulations for the Residence of Aliens in Lithuania, Feb. 15, 1924, par. 1, 4.

47 Constitution of Estonia, par. 19, State Advertiser 113/114, 1920.

48 1927 Estonian State Advertiser, No. 52.

49 Statement of Ministry for Foreign Affairs for Estonia.

50 Last section of par. 2 of law concerning the registration of societies and associations and of their unions, 1926 Estonian State Advertiser, No. 37.

51 1930 Estonian State Advertiser, No. 54, par. 12, 14, 17.

52 Press Law, Jan. 31, 1931.

53 Statement of Rovai Legation of Egypt.

54 Immigrants Regulation Act No. 22 of 1923, as amended by Act 37 of 1927, and the Immigration Quota Act No. 8 of 1930.

55 Amended Law No. 17, 1901.

56 Act of May 1932.

57 Foreign Rights and Interests in China, by W. W. Willoughby.

58 Statement of Japanese Embassy.

59 New York Times, Feb. 22, 1932

60 National Constitution of the Republic of Argentina, Art. 25.

61 Decree No. 19482, Dec. 12, 1930.

62 Vide “Colonization of Immigrants in Brazil,” by C. R. Cameron, Monthly Labor Review, October, 1931.

63 Civil Code, Arts. 57, 611, 997, 1028, 1029; Decree Law No. 588, Arts. 2, 9, 13, 28; Law No. 3841 of Feb. 6, 1922, Arts. 1, 2; Law of Private Employees, Art. 10; Law No. 4560 of Jan. 30, 1929.

64 Statement of Colombian Legation at Washington, D. C.

65 Statement of Legation of Paraguay at Washington, D. C.

66 Law, April, 1932, Art. I.

67 New York Times, April 23, 1932.

68 Order of the Minister of the Interior, No. 1674/1932.

69 Statement of Minister of Venezuela at Washington, D. C.

70 Immigration Act, Aug. 31, 1914.

71 Statement of Minister of Guatemala at Washington, D. C.

72 Decree 101, Laws 1929.

73 Statement of Legation of Panama, Washington, D. C.

74 Presidential decree published in Official Gazette, April 19, 1932.

75 Statement of Minister of Haiti, at Washington, D. C.

76 These, and the following facts treating of the industrial, labor, and legal discriminations against aliens are culled from an article by the author entitled “Unemployment and the Alien” which appeared in the January, 1931, issue of the South Atlantic Quarterly, and for permission to quote from which we are indebted to that publication.

77 Order in Council, P. C. 1206, 1922, and 605, 1924.

78 Decree published in Diario Oficial, July 17, 1931.

79 Decree of Aug. 13, 1931.