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Chronology for Mississippian and Oneota Occupations at Aztalan and the Lake Koshkonong Locality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2021

Anthony M. Krus Open the ORCID record for Anthony M. Krus [Opens in a new window] ,
John D. Richards  and
Robert J. Jeske
Anthony M. Krus*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
John D. Richards
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Robert J. Jeske
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
*
([email protected], corresponding author)
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Abstract

The Middle Mississippian component at Aztalan was a mixed, Late Woodland / Mississippian occupation sited within a heavily fortified habitation and mound center that is located on a tributary of the Rock River in Wisconsin. It represents the northernmost large Cahokian-related village recorded. The Oneota Lake Koshkonong Locality of the Rock River drainage is located approximately 20 km south of Aztalan, and it consists of a 25 km2 area along the northwest shore with a small cluster of habitation settlements. Sixty-eight radiocarbon measurements have been obtained from Aztalan, and 52 from Oneota settlements in the Lake Koshkonong Locality. We discuss how to best interpret this dataset, and we use Bayesian chronological modeling to analyze these dates. The results suggest that (1) Aztalan's Late Woodland (Kekoskee phase) occupation began in the AD 900s or early AD 1000s, (2) Aztalan's Mississippian occupation ceased in the AD 1200s, (3) Oneota occupations at Lake Koshkonong began after AD 1050 and were established by the AD 1200s, and (4) Oneota occupations at Lake Koshkonong continued after Aztalan's Mississippian abandonment until at least the late AD 1300s. Additionally, the results demonstrate that Aztalan was fortified with a palisade with bastions for much of the Mississippian occupation, suggesting a contested presence in a multiethnic landscape.

El componente Mississippian Medio en Aztalan fue una ocupación mixta de Woodland Tardío y Mississippian localizada dentro de un centro habitacional y de montículos fuertemente fortificado ubicado en un tributario del Rock River en Wisconsin, y es el asentamiento más al norte de las aldeas grandes relacionadas con Cahokia que han sido registradas. La Localidad Oneota Lake Koshkonong del drenaje del Rock River está ubicada aproximadamente 20 km al sur de Aztalan y consiste de una área de 25 km2 a lo largo de la orilla noroeste del lago con un pequeño grupo de asentamientos habitacionales. Sesenta y ocho muestras de radiocarbono han sido obtenidas de Aztalan y 52 de asentamientos Oneota en la Localidad Lake Koshkonong. Discutimos como mejor interpretar este conjunto de datos y usamos una modelización cronológica bayesiana para analizar estas fechas. Los resultados sugieren: (1) la ocupación Woodland Tardío de Aztalan (fase Kekoskee) comenzó durante los 900s dC o a principios de los 1000s dC, (2) la ocupación Mississipian de Aztalan terminó durante los 1200s dC, (3) ocupaciones Oneota en Lake Koshkonong comenzaron después de 1050 dC y fueron establecidas hacia 1200 dC, y (4) ocupaciones Oneota en Lake Koshkonong continuaron después del abandono Mississippian de Aztalan hasta por lo menos finales de 1300 dC. Adicionalmente, los resultados demuestran que Aztalan fue fortificado con una empalizada con baluartes durante la mayoría de la ocupación Mississipian sugiriendo una presencia contestada en un paisaje multiétnico.

Keywords

AztalanMississippian periodOneotaradiocarbonBayesian modelingwarfareAztalanperíodo de MississippianOneotaradiocarbonomodelado Bayesianoguerra
Type
Article
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 87 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 124 - 141
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology

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