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The ‘head dance’, contested self, and art as a balancing act in Tuareg spirit possession

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Résumé

Parmi les Kel Ewey Touareg du nord-est du Niger, particulièrement dans les cercles de l a noblesse, la possession spirituelle est associée avec les origines culturelles serviles soudanaises; il en est de même pour la danse et le tambourinement. J'affirme qu'en exécutant un mouvement oscillatoire oblique de la tête et des épaules, considéré comme danse localement, les femmes en état de transe transforment la culture soudanaise. La danse de la tête, en tant que mouvement gracieux et contrôlé, et son trope central oscillant comme la branche d'un arbre, encapsulent des symboles culturels essentiels afin de les rendre presque acceptables en termes esthétiques et symboliques parmi les nobles Touareg traditionnels. Cependant, ce mouvement laisse supposer que l'on est malade ou seul ou dans état de sauvagerie ayant besoin d'exorcisme, un exorcisme qui doit être exécuté a la lisière du camp ou du village, à l'extèrieur de la tente, à la nuit tombée, mais en public, devant des spectateurs.

Cet article utilise une approche “synesthétique” pour montrer la connection étroitement liee entre les symboles. Il illustre les tension et les contradictions d'une société stratifée de façon traditionnelle, où les femmes exécutent maintenant une gamme d'activites à moitié serviles, des activités que les musulmans, les nobles, et les hommes en général désapprouvent et parfois contestent. La danse de la tête est un compromis élégant qui brouille la ligne entre la danse et la possession, qui prend des images acceptables dans des chansons et des façons de bouger appropriées, et les greffent sur un rythme particulier du tambourin, l'ensemble se servant de l'homonyme de la chanson/branche en tant qu'image centrale ou métaphore. Les symboles opèrent de manière synergique dans ce processus.

Type
The gendering of space and motion
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1994

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