Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T01:18:29.906Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

City, countryside and Kru ethnicity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

L. B. Breitborde
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Résumé

Cet article examine les origines et la viabilité durable de l'identité ethnique Kru au Libéria. Alors que les recherches antérieures ont souligné le role joué dans la création et le maintien d'une identité kru par l'expérience de ceux qui ont migré hors du territoire kru, cet article démontre que les individus et évènements à la fois en ville et en campagne furent intégrés dans un système de rapports sociaux par lequel emergea une identité ethnique kru. En outre, l'intégration de la ville avec la campagne reste une particularité propre à l'ethnie kru, comme en témoigne l'étude de deux aspects de la Société Kru Monrovienne: sa structure organisa-tionelle interne et son role de lien pour les rapports politiques entre le gouverne-ment national et le Kru rural.

Type
Research Article
Information
Africa , Volume 61 , Issue 2 , April 1991 , pp. 186 - 201
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnes, S. T. 1987. ‘The urban frontier in West Africa: Mushin, Nigeria’, in Kopytoff, I. (ed.), The African Frontier: the reproduction of traditional African societies, pp. 257-81. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Breitborde, L. B. 1977. ‘The Social Structural Basis of Linguistic Variation in an Urban African Neighbourhood’, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.Google Scholar
Breitborde, L. B. 1979. ‘Structural continuity in the development of an urban Kru community’, Urban Anthropology, 8 (2), 111–30.Google Scholar
Breitborde, L. B. 1980-1981. ‘A brief note on the urban ethnic basis of Kru linguistic diversity’, Liberian Studies Journal, 9 (2), 83–92.Google Scholar
Breitborde, L. B. 1988. ‘The persistence of English in Liberia: sociolinguistic factors’, World Englishes, 7 (1), 15–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, G. E. Jr, 1972. The Kru Mariner in the 19th Century: an historical compendium. Newark, N.J.: Liberian Studies Association.Google Scholar
Brown, D. 1982a. ‘On the category “civilized” in Liberia and elsewhere’, Journal of Modern African Studies, 20 (2), 287–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, D. 1982b. ‘Politics in ritual: rules as resources in the politics of the Liberian hinterland’, African Affairs, 81 (325), 479–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
City Corporation of Monrovia. 1882. ‘Resolution authorizing the appointment of a native headman over Krootown and for other purposes’, Ordinances, Resolutions, etc. Monrovia: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Clapham, C. 1976. Liberia and Sierra Leone: an essay in comparative politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, R. W. 1975. ‘The Liberian struggle for authority on the Kru coast’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 8 (2), 222–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, R. W. 1976. Ethnohistorical Studies on the Kru Coast. Newark, N.J.: Liberian Studies Association.Google Scholar
Fraenkel, M. 1964. Tribe and Class in Monrovia. London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute.Google Scholar
Fraenkel, M. 1966. ‘Social change on the Kru coast of Liberia’, Africa, 36 (2), 154-72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulton, R. M. 1981. ‘Tolbert's Development Strategies: development strategies in pre-revolutionary Liberia’. Paper presented at the thirteenth annual Liberian Studies Conference, University of Illinois at Chicago.Google Scholar
Gay, J. 1971. ‘Continuities of culture in Liberian society’, Liberian Research Association Journal 3, pp. 34–59.Google Scholar
Kopytoff, Igor. 1987. ‘The internal African frontier: the making of African political culture’, in Kopytof, I. (ed.), The African Frontier: the reproduction of traditional African societies, pp. 1–84. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Liebenow, J. G. 1969. Liberia: the evolution of privilege. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Liebenow, J. G. 1987. Liberia: the questfor democracy. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Lowenkopf, M. 1976. Politics in Liberia: the conservative road to development. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.Google Scholar
McEvoy, F. D. 1977. ‘Understanding ethnic realities among the Grebo and Kru peoples of West Africa’, Africa, 47 (1), 62–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J. 1985. ‘Krumen “down the coast”: Liberian migrants on the West African coast in the 19th and early 20th centuries’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 18 (3), 401–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, M. H. 1986. ‘Taking up the slack: female farming and the “Kru problem” in southeastern Liberia’, Liberian Studies Journal, 11 (2), 117–24.Google Scholar
Moran, M. H. 1990. Civilized Women: gender and prestige in southeastern Liberia. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, W. P. 1981. ‘The rhetorical management of dangerous knowledge in Kpelle brokerage’, American Ethnologist, 8 (4), 667–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parkin, D. J. 1974. ‘Congregational and interpersonal ideologies in political ethnicity’, in Cohen, A. (ed.), Urban Ethnicity, pp. 119–58. London: Tavistock Publications.Google Scholar
Republic of Liberia. 1916. Acts of the National Legislature, 1915-1916. Monrovia: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Sullivan, J. M. 1978. ‘Settlers in Sinoe County, Liberia, and their Relations with the Kru, c. 1835-1920’, Ph.D. dissertation, Boston University.Google Scholar
Sullivan, J. M. 1985. ‘Fishers, traders, and rebels: the role of the Kabor/Gbeta in the 1915 Kru coast (Liberia) revolt’, in Stone, J. (ed.), Africa and the Sea: proceedings ofa colloquium at the University ofAberdeen, March 1984, pp. 48–63. Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen African Studies Group.Google Scholar
Tonkin, E. 1978-1979. ‘Sasstown's transformation: the Jlao Kru c. 1888-1918’, Liberian Studies Journal, 8 (1), 1–34.Google Scholar
Tonkin, E. 1981. ‘Model and ideology: dimensions of being civilized in Liberia’, in Holy, L. and Stuchlik, M. (eds.), The Structure of Folk Models, pp. 305–30. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Tonkin, E. 1985. ‘Creating Kroomen: ethnic diversity, economic specialism, and changing demand’, in Stone, J. (ed.), Africa and the Sea: proceedings of a colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, March 1984, pp. 27–47. Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen African Studies Group.Google Scholar