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Making a Living in the Postsocialist Periphery: Struggles between Farmers and Traders in Konso, Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Abstract

This article explores the experience of one village in Ethiopia since the overthrow of the Marxist‐Leninist Derg regime in 1991. The new government introduced policies that have much in common with those dominating the international geopolitical scene in the 1990s and 2000s. These include an emphasis on democracy, grassroots participation and, to some extent, market liberalization. I report here on the manifestations of these policy shifts in Gamole village, in the district of Konso, once remote from the political centre in Addis Ababa but now expressing its identity through new federal political structures. Traditional power relations between traders and farmers in Gamole have been transformed since 1991 as the traders have exploited opportunities to extend trade links, obtain land and build regional alliances through participation in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. They have appropriated the discourse of democracy to challenge their traditional position of subordination to the farmers – and this, in turn, has led to conflict. While these changes reflect the postsocialist transition, they can also be seen as part of a continuing process of change brought about by policies of reform in land tenure, the church and the state, introduced during the Derg period. These observations at a local level in Ethiopia provide insights into the experiences of other states in postsocialist transition.

Résumé

Cet article examine l'expérience d'un village en Ethiopie depuis le renversement du régime marxiste‐léniniste Derg en 1991. Le nouveau gouvernement a introduit des politiques qui ont beaucoup en commun avec celles qui ont dominé la sce‘ne géographique internationale dans les années 1990 et 2000. Parmi elles figurent l'importance accordée à la démocratie, à la participation populaire et, dans une certaine mesure, à la libéralisation du marché. L'article traite des manifestations de ces changements de politique dans le village de Gamole, dans le district de Konso, autrefois éloigné du centre politique d'Addis Ababa mais exprimant aujourd'hui son identité à travers de nouvelles structures politiques fédérales. Les relations traditionnelles de pouvoir entre commerc¸ants et paysans à Gamole ont évolué depuis 1991, les commerc¸ants ayant exploité des opportunités pour étendre leur réseau de relations commerciales, obtenir des terres et former des alliances régionales à travers leur participation dans l'É glise orthodoxe éthiopienne. Ils se sont appropriés le discours de la démocratie pour remettre en cause leur position traditionnelle de subordination aux paysans, ce qui a, à son tour, entraîné un conflit. Même si ces changements refle‘tent la transition postsocialiste, on peut aussi les considérer comme faisant partie d'un processus de changement continu amené par les politiques de réforme agraire, de l'Église et de l'État, introduites durant la période du Derg. Ces observations au niveau local en Éthiopie permettent de mieux comprendre les expériences d'autres États en transition postsocialiste.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2006

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