Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T21:25:15.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A calculation method for parametric design studies of V/STOL aircraft

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2016

C. Gologan ,
K. Broichhausen  and
J. Seifert
C. Gologan
Affiliation:
[email protected], Bauhaus Luftfahrt e.V. Garching near Munich, Germany
K. Broichhausen
Affiliation:
[email protected], Bauhaus Luftfahrt e.V. Garching near Munich, Germany
J. Seifert
Affiliation:
[email protected], Bauhaus Luftfahrt e.V. Garching near Munich, Germany
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper provides a method that helps the aircraft designer to develop a performance constraint chart (PCC) for vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) aircraft that produce hybrid lift (static lift in combination with aerodynamic lift). The PPC provides a first estimation for the thrust-to-weight ratio (T0/MTOW) and wing loading (MTOW/S). The method is applicable to concepts, where static lift and main-engine thrust are coupled (e.g. the F-35B system, turbojet and lift-fan, coupled by a shaft) and to concepts, where static lift is produced by separate devices (e.g. lift-engines or other concepts for static lift). It includes thrust vectoring of the main engine.

The method includes the evaluation of certain flight stages, or segments, as short take-off and landing (STOL), vertical landing (VL), one engine inoperative (OEI) climb (for civil aircraft concept applications) and cruise, all these have to be considered. For each of these five segments, standard flight mechanics equations are extended by a static lift component, an augmentation ratio (a factor that describes the dependency of the thrust and the static lift, if coupled) and the thrust vectoring angle. Hence these equations are modified in a way that the aircraft designer can directly calculate T0/MTOW and MTOW/S for the performance requirements of each segment. Thus, an optimum design point can be selected. Inputs are aerodynamic coefficients, maximum lift coefficient of the wing, mass fraction from take-off to landing, additional static lift during take-off and landing, number of engines, augmentation ratio of the propulsion system and required take-off and landing field length.

A performance constraint chart for a JSF F-35B type aircraft is modelled to show the application of the method. As an application to civil aircraft a PCC and a parameter optimisation for the civil regional jet ‘HyLiner’ is presented.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 113 , Issue 1143 , May 2009 , pp. 309 - 317
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2009 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Zuk, J. and Wardwell, D., Summary of NASA’s extreme short take off and landing (ESTOL) vehicle sector activities, SAE-Paper 2005-01-3145, 2005.Google Scholar
2. Gologan, C., Heister, C., Kelders, C., Kuhlmann, A. and Seifert, J., Perspectives of vertical/short take off and landing in commercial aviation, 1st CEAS European Air and Space Conference, Berlin (Germany), 2007.Google Scholar
3. Gologan, C., Kelders, C., Kuhlmann, A. and Seifert, J., The ‘Hyliner’ ESTOL regional jet – economic motivation, technological challenges and current status 2008, International Powered Lift Conference, London, UK, 2008.Google Scholar
4. Hange, C., Overview of the CESTOL partnership in NASA’s subsonic fixed wing project, International Powered Lift Conference, London, UK, 2008.Google Scholar
5. György, R., Broichhausen, K. and Seifert, J., Potentials of lighter-than-air technology in future markets – an evaluation, 26th Congress of International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, Anchorage, US, 2008.Google Scholar
6. Gologan, C., Conceptual design of a STOL regional jet with hybrid propulsion system, 26th Congress of International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, Anchorage, US, 2008.Google Scholar
7. Raymer, D.P., Aircraft design: a conceptual approach, 2006, 4th ed, AIAA, Reston, VA.Google Scholar
8. Federal Aviation Administrations, Regulations and Policies; Retrieved 05.12.2008 from http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies Google Scholar
9. JSF.mil. Retrieved 01.03.2008 from http://www.jsf.mil/downloads/down_mediakits.htm Google Scholar
10. International V/STOL Historical Society. Retrieved 02.03.2008 from http://www.vstol.org/ Google Scholar
11. Brandt, S.A., Stiles, R.J. and Bertin, J.J., Introduction to aeronautics: a design perspective, 2004, 2nd ed, AIAA, Blacksburg, VA.Google Scholar
12. Roskam, J., Airplane Design Part I, 1985, Ottawa, Kansas.Google Scholar