Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:37:35.911Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
Series:   Elements in Applied Evolutionary Science

An Introduction to Positive Evolutionary Psychology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2023

Glenn Geher ,
Megan Fritche ,
Avrey Goodwine ,
Julia Lombard ,
Kaitlyn Longo  and
Darcy Montana
Glenn Geher
Affiliation:
State University of New York, New Paltz
Megan Fritche
Affiliation:
State University of New York, New Paltz
Avrey Goodwine
Affiliation:
State University of New York, New Paltz
Julia Lombard
Affiliation:
State University of New York, New Paltz
Kaitlyn Longo
Affiliation:
State University of New York, New Paltz
Darcy Montana
Affiliation:
State University of New York, New Paltz

Summary

Over the past few decades, evolutionary psychology has shed light on such features of the human experience as mating, love, religion, aggression, warfare, physical health, mental health, and more. The field of positive psychology has progressed along a parallel trajectory, using behavioral science techniques to help our understanding of human thriving at the individual and community levels. Positive Evolutionary Psychology is dedicated to the integration of positive and evolutionary psychology, with an eye toward using Darwinian-inspired concepts to help advance our understanding of human thriving. This Element describes the basic ideas of this new approach to behavioral science as well as examples that dip into various aspects of the human experience, including such topics as health, education, friendships, love, and more–all with an eye toward providing a roadmap for the application of Darwinian principles to better understanding human thriving and the good life.
Get access

Keywords

evolutionary psychologypositive psychologypositive evolutionary psychologyCharles Darwinevolutionary mismatch
Type
Element
Information
Series: Elements in Applied Evolutionary Science
Online ISBN: 9781009286817
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 18 May 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen-Arave, W., Gurven, M., & Hill, K. (2008). Reciprocal altruism, rather than kin selection, maintains nepotistic food transfers on an Ache reservation. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(5), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.03.002.Google Scholar
Barrett-Cheetham, E., Williams, L. A., & Bednall, T. C. (2016). A differentiated approach to the link between positive emotion, motivation, and eudaimonic well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(6), 595–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1152502.Google Scholar
Bildhauer, B. (2013). Medieval European conceptions of blood: Truth and human integrity. Journal of the Royal Anthropology Institute, 19, 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12016.Google Scholar
Bingham, P. M., & Souza, J. (2009). Death from a distance and the birth of a humane universe. BookSurge.Google Scholar
Bjorklund, D. F. (2021). How children invented humanity: The role of development in human evolution. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bjorklund, D.F. (2022). Children’s Evolved Learning Abilities and Their Implications for Education. Educational Psychology Review, 34, 2243–2273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-022-09688-zGoogle Scholar
Bjorklund, D. F. (2023). Children’s thinking: Cognitive development and individual differences (7th ed.). Sage.Google Scholar
Boiler, L., Haverman, M., Westerhof, G. J. et al. (2013). Positive psychology interventions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health, 13, 119. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-119.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bugental, J. F. T. (1964). The third force in psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 4(1), 19–26.Google Scholar
Burnham, T. C. (2016). Economics and evolutionary mismatch: Humans in novel settings do not maximize. Journal of Bioeconomics, 18, 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10818-016-9233-8.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (2019). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind. Routledge.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (2000). The evolution of happiness. American Psychologist, 55, 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.15.Google Scholar
Carmen, R. A., Geher, G., Glass, D. J. et al. (2013). Evolution integrated across all islands of the human behavioral archipelago: All psychology as evolutionary psychology. EvoS Journal: The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 5(1), 108–126.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., Sinclair, S., & Johnson, S. L. (2010). Authentic and hubristic pride: Differential relations to aspects of goal regulation, affect, and self-control. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 698–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.09.004.Google Scholar
Colegrave, N. (2012). The evolutionary success of sex: Science & society series on sex and science. EMBO Reports 13(9), 774–778. https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2012.109.Google Scholar
Confer, J. C., Easton, J. A., Fleischman, D. S. et al. (2010). Evolutionary psychology: Controversies, questions, prospects, and limitations. American Psychologist, 65(2), 110–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018413.Google Scholar
Cordain, L., Eaton, S. B., Sebastian, A. et al. (2005). Origins and evolution of the western diet: Health implications for the 21st century. American Society for Nutrition, 81(2), 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn.81.2.341.Google Scholar
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In J. H. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby (Eds.), The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture (pp. 163–228). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. I. (1997). Crime and conflict: homicide in evolutionary psychological perspective. Crime and Justice, 22, 251–300. https://doi.org/10.1086/449260.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. John Murray. https://doi.org/10.1037/10001-000.Google Scholar
De’Jesús, A. R., Cristo, M., Ruel, M. et al. (2021). Betrayal, outrage, guilt, and forgiveness: The four horsemen of the human social-emotional experience. The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 9(1), 1–13.Google Scholar
de Waal, F. B. M. (2002). Primates – A natural heritage of conflict resolution. Science, 289, 586–590. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5479.586.Google Scholar
Dingle, P., Tapsell, P., & Hu, S. (2000). Reducing formaldehyde exposure in office environments using plants. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 64, 302–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289910044.Google Scholar
Diraddo, D. (2022). 15 surprising facts and statistics about the fast food industry. Toast. https://pos.toasttab.com/blog/on-the-line/fast-food-industry-statistics, January 2, 2023Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1992). Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates. Journal of Human Evolution, 22(6), 469–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(92)90081-j.Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1998). The social brain hypothesis. Evolutionary Anthropology, 6, 178–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1998)6:5%3C178::aid-evan5%3E3.0.co;2-8.Google Scholar
Eberhard, M. J. W. (1975). The evolution of social behavior by kin selection. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 50, 1–33.Google Scholar
Fell, J., & Geher, G. (2018). Psychological outcomes associated with crossfit. Journal of Evolution and Health, 2(2), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.15310/2334-3591.1071.Google Scholar
Figueredo, A. J., Vásquez, G., Brumbach, B. H., & Schneider, S. M. R. (2006). The heritability of life history strategy: The k-factor, covitality, and personality. Biodemography and Social Biology, 51, 121–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2004.9989090.Google Scholar
Flaherty, S. C., & Sadler, L. S. (2011). A review of attachment theory in the context of adolescent parenting. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 25, 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2010.02.005.Google Scholar
Flinn, M. V., Quinlan, R. J., Decker, S. A., Turner, M. T., & England, B. G. (1996). Male-female differences in effects of parental absence on glucocorticoid stress response. Human Nature, 7(2), 125–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02692108.Google Scholar
Flinn, M. V., Quinlan, R. J., Coe, K., & Ward, C. V. (2007). Evolution of the human family: Cooperative males, long social childhoods, smart mothers, and extended kin networks. In C. A. Salmon & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Family relationships: An evolutionary perspective (pp. 16–38). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320510.003.0002.Google Scholar
Gable, S. L. & Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology? Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.103.Google Scholar
Geary, D. C. (2005). Evolution of paternal investment. In Buss, D. M. (ed.), Handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 483–505). John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Geary, D. C., & Berch, D. B. (2016). Evolution and children’s cognitive and academic development. In Geary, D. C. & Berch, D. B. (eds.), Evolutionary perspectives on education and child development (pp. 217–250). Springer.Google Scholar
Geher, G. (2011). Evolutionarily informed parenting: A ripe area for scholarship in evolutionary studies. EvoS Journal: The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 3(2), 26–36.Google Scholar
Geher, G. (2014). Evolutionary psychology 101. Springer.Google Scholar
Geher, G. Di Santo, J. M., Planke, J. et al. (2020). Dark parenting: Parents who score as high in the dark triad demonstrate non-authoritative parenting styles. EvoS Journal: The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 11(1), 116–143.Google Scholar
Geher, G., Carmen, R., Guitar, A. et al. (2015). The evolutionary psychology of small-scale versus large-scale politics: Ancestral conditions did not include large-scale politics. European Journal of Social Psychology, 46(3), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2158.Google Scholar
Geher, G., & Gambacorta, D. (2010). Evolution is not relevant to sex differences in humans because I want it that way! EvoS Journal: The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 2(1), 32–47.Google Scholar
Geher, G., & Wedberg, N. (2020). Positive evolutionary psychology: Darwin’s guide to living a richer life. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, P. (2011). The special value of age-mixed play. American Journal of Play, 3, 500–522.Google Scholar
Gray, P. (2020). How children coped in the first months of the pandemic lockdown: Free time, play, family togetherness, and helping out at home. American Journal of Play, 13, 33–52.Google Scholar
Grinde, B. (2002). Happiness in the perspective of evolutionary psychology. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(4), 331–354.Google Scholar
Gruskin, K., & Geher, G. (2018). The evolved classroom: Using evolutionary theory to inform elementary pedagogy. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 12(4), 336–347. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000111.Google Scholar
Guitar, A, Glass, E., Geher, D. J., G., & Suvak, M. K. (2018). Situation-specific emotional states: Testing Nesse and Ellsworth’s (2009) model of emotions for situations that arise in goal pursuit using virtual-world software. Current Psychology 39, 1245–1259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9830-x.Google Scholar
Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In Davidson, R. J., Scherer, K. R., & Goldsmith, H. H. (eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behavior. I. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4.Google Scholar
Hawkes, K., O’Connell, J. F., Jones, N. G. B., Alvarez, H., & Charnov, E. L. (1998). Grandmothering, menopause, and the evolution of human life histories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95(3), 1336–1339. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.3.1336.Google Scholar
Henrich, J., Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. J. (2012). The puzzle of monogamous marriage. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367(1589), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0290.Google Scholar
Henrich, J., & Gil-White, F. J. (2001). The evolution of prestige: Freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission. Evolution and Human Behavior, 22(3), 165–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-5138(00)00071-4.Google Scholar
Hill, K., & Hurtado, A. M. (1996). Aché life history: The ecology and demography of a foraging people. Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hinds, J., & Sparks, P. (2011). The affective quality of human-natural environment relationships. Evolutionary Psychology, 9, 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491100900314.Google Scholar
Holick, M. F. (2004). Vitamin D is important in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79, 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.smj.0000140865.32054.db.Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (2009). Mothers and others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kanazawa, S. (2004). The savanna principle. Managerial and Decision Economics, 25, 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.1130.Google Scholar
Kaplan, H. S., Lancaster, J. B., Anderson, K. G. (1998). Human parental investment and fertility: The life histories of men in Albuquerque. In Booth, A. & Crouter, A. C. (eds.), Men in families: When do they get involved? What difference does it make? (pp. 55–109). Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Kaufman, S. B. (2020). Transcend: The new science of self-actualization. TarcherPerigree.Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., Griskevicius, V., Neuberg, S. L., & Schaller, M. (2010). Renovating the pyramid of needs: Contemporary extensions built upon ancient foundations. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 292–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610369469.Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., & Lundberg-Kenrick, D. E. (2022). Solving modern problems with a stone-age brain: Human evolution and the seven fundamental motives. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000286-000Google Scholar
Khazaei, F., Khazaei, O., & Ghanbari-H, B. (2017). Positive psychology interventions for Internet addiction treatment. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 304–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.065.Google Scholar
Ko, A., Pick, C. M., Kwon, J. Y. et al. (2020). Family values: Rethinking the psychology of human social motivation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15 (1), 173–201. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u8h3x.Google Scholar
Krettenauer, T., Jia, F., & Mosleh, M. (2011). The role of emotion expectancies in adolescents’ moral decision making. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108(2), 358–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.08.014.Google Scholar
Lechner, L., DeVries, H., Adriaansen, S., & Drabbels, L. (1997). Effects of an employee fitness program on reduced absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 38, 827–883. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199709000-00005.Google Scholar
Leontopoulou, S. (2015). A positive psychology intervention with emerging adults. The European Journal of Counseling Psychology, 3(2), 113–116. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejcop.v3i2.33.Google Scholar
Li, N. P., van Vugt, M., & Colarelli, S. M. (2018). The evolutionary mismatch hypothesis: Implications for psychological science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27(1), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417731378.Google Scholar
LoBue, V., & Adolph, K. E. (2019). Fear in infancy: Lessons from snakes, spiders, heights, and strangers. Developmental Psychology, 55(9), 1889–1907. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000675.Google Scholar
Mace, R. (2015). The evolutionary ecology of the family. In Buss, D. M. (ed.), Handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 483–505). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125563.evpsych122.Google Scholar
Maner, J. K., & Kenrick, D. T. (2010). When adaptations go awry: Functional and dysfunctional aspects of social anxiety. Social Issues and Policy Review, 4, 111–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2409.2010.01019.x.Google Scholar
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346.Google Scholar
Mauro, R., Sato, K., & Tucker, J. (1992). The role of appraisal in human emotions: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.2.301.Google Scholar
McCauley, T. G., Bilingsley, J., & McCullough, M. E. (2022). An evolutionary psychology view of forgiveness: Individuals, groups, and culture. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/c4f2k.Google Scholar
McMahan, E. A., & Estes, D. (2015). The effect of contact with natural environments on positive and negative affect: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10, 507–519, https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.994224.Google Scholar
Michie, S. (2009). Pride and gratitude: How positive emotions influence the prosocial behaviors of organizational leaders. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15, 393–403. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051809333338.Google Scholar
Miller, G. F. (2000). The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. Doubleday.Google Scholar
Nakamura, J. (2013). Pride and the experience of meaning in daily life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(6), 555–567. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.830765.Google Scholar
National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2022, June). Mental Health by the Numbers Retrieved August, 2022 from www.nami.org/mhstats.Google Scholar
Nesse, R. M., & Williams, G. C. (1995). Why we get sick: The new science of Darwinian medicine. Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Nesse, R. M., & Ellsworth, P. C. (2009). Evolution, emotions, and emotional disorders. American Psychologist, 64(2), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013503.Google Scholar
Nicholson, N. (2000). Managing the human animal: Why people behave the way they do in corporate settings. Texere.Google Scholar
O’Brien, D. T., & Wilson, D. S. (2011). Community Perception: The ability to assess the safety of unfamiliar neighborhoods and respond adaptively. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 606–620. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022803.Google Scholar
O’Brien, D. T., Gordon, E., & Phillipi-Baldwin, J. (2014). Territoriality, attachment to space and community, and maintenance of the public space: A field study integrating administrative records of reports of public issues with self-reports. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 320–330.Google Scholar
Öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001). Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychological Review, 108, 483–522. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.483.Google Scholar
Pavard, S., Koons, D. N., & Heyer, E. (2007). The influence of maternal care in shaping human survival and fertility. Evolution, 61(12), 2801–2810. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00236.x.Google Scholar
Peterson, C. (2013). Pursuing the good life: 100 reflections on positive psychology. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pinker, S. (2012). The better angels of our nature. Penguin.Google Scholar
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct. William Morrow.Google Scholar
Platek, S., Geher, G., Heywood, L. et al. (2011). Walking the walk to teach the talk: Implementing ancestral lifestyle changes as the newest tool in evolutionary studies. Evolution: Education & Outreach, 4, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12052-010-0309-y.Google Scholar
Profet, M. (1997). Pregnancy sickness: Using your body’s natural defenses to protect your baby-to-be. Hachette Books.Google Scholar
Repetti, R. L. (1993). Short-term effects of occupational stressors on daily mood and health complaints. Health Psychology, 12, 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.12.2.125.Google Scholar
Ruff, C. (2002). Variation in human body size and shape. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31(1), 211–232. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085407.Google Scholar
Schueller, S. M., & Parks, A. C. (2014). The science of self-help: Translating positive psychology research into increased individual happiness. European Psychologist, 19(2), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000181.Google Scholar
Schlaepfer, M. A., Runge, M. C., & Sherman, P. W. (2002). Ecological and evolutionary traps. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17, 474–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02580-6.Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5.Google Scholar
Sergeant, S., & Mongrain, M. (2015). Distressed users report a better response to online positive psychology interventions than nondistressed users. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 56(3), 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000034.Google Scholar
Shiota, M. N., Campos, B., Oveis, C. et al. (2017). Beyond happiness: Building a science of discrete positive emotions. American Psychologist, 72(7), 617–643. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040456.Google Scholar
Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: a practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467–487. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20593.Google Scholar
Spranger, J. A., Colarelli, S. M., Dimotakis, N., Jacob, A., & Arvey, R. D. (2012). Effects of kin density within family-owned businesses. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 119, 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.07.001.Google Scholar
Srivastava, K. (2009). Urbanization and mental health. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 18, 75–76. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.64028.Google Scholar
Sznycer, D., Al-Shawaf, L., Bereby-Meyer, Y. et al. (2017). Cross-cultural regularities in the cognitive architecture of pride. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(8),1874–1879. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614389114.Google Scholar
Sznycer, D., Xygalatas, D., Alami, S. et al. (2018). Invariances in the architecture of pride across small-scale societies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(33), 8322–8327. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808418115.Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tinbergen, N. (1953). The herring gull’s world. Collins.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2019). Becoming human: A theory of Ontogeny. Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1990). The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments. Ethology and Sociobiology, 11, 375–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(90)90017-z.Google Scholar
Tracy, J. L., Cheng, J. T., Robins, R. W., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2009). Authentic and hubristic pride: The affective core of self-esteem and Narcissism. Self and Identity, 8, 196–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860802505053.Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/406755.Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell, B. (ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man: 1871–1971 (pp. 136–179). Aldine. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315129266-7.Google Scholar
Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood. Atria. Google Scholar
Underwood, B., Froming, W. J., & Moore, B. S. (1977). Mood, attention, and altruism: A search for mediating variables. Developmental Psychology, 13, 541–542. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.13.5.541.Google Scholar
van Vugt, M., & Ronay, R. D. (2014). The evolutionary psychology of leadership: Theory, review, and roadmap. Organizational Psychology Review, 4, 74–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386613493635.Google Scholar
Verbeke, W., Belschak, F., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2004). The adaptive consequences of pride in personal selling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32, 386–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070304267105.Google Scholar
Watkins, P. (2014). Positive psychology 101. Springer.Google Scholar
Williams, L. A., & DeSteno, D. (2008). Pride and perseverance: The motivational role of pride. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 1007–1017. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.6.1007.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. S. (2007). Evolution for everyone: How Darwin’s theory can change the way we think about our lives. Delacorte Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. S. (2011). The Neighborhood Project: Using evolution to improve my city, one block at a time. Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. S. (2019). This View of Life: Completing the Darwinian revolution. Pantheon.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wolf, R. (2010). The paleo solution. Victory Belt.Google Scholar
Workman, L., & Reader, W. (2021). Evolutionary psychology: An introduction. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Zimbardo, P. G. (2007). The Lucifer effect: Understanding how good people turn evil. Random House.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

An Introduction to Positive Evolutionary Psychology
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

An Introduction to Positive Evolutionary Psychology
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

An Introduction to Positive Evolutionary Psychology
Available formats
×