This chapter attempts to provide an assessment of the state of the art, explaining the presence of an ethnic minority vector driving vaccine hesitancy, as well as a list of potential behavioural policy interventions to curb such inequality. We specifically focus on the behavioural insights that can explain the uneven access to vaccine across ethnic groups. This includes incentives and constraints that have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter we discuss what kind of incentives works and when do certain incentives backfire. We then provide a series of policy recommendations to successfully create and implement vaccine roll-out strategies that members of ethnic minority groups will be receptive to.

Chapter 3 is a summary of the theoretical concepts that lead to the logic to grant independence to central banks, ways to measure CBI and its empirical effects on price stability. We show that different schools of thought (Chicago, Virginia, Freiburg) come to similar conclusions, although their methodological starting points are very different.

Less than a decade after the American Civil War, the United States signed the 1874 reciprocity treaty, imposing its first restrictions on Hawaiian sovereignty. Whereas most scholars take for granted US interests in controlling Hawaii, we ask how this interest emerged in 1874. We argue the answer lies with American entrepreneurs like Henry A.P. Carter. The rise of commodity prices - first in sandalwood, then in whale oil, and finally, in sugar - drove American entrepreneurs to Hawaii. When threats to their enterprises emerged, they formed a lobby to advocate for American imperialism, and shaped perceptions of the costs and benefits of imperialism within Hawaii and the United States.

Why did the United States establish an early American Empire in the Pacific (1856-1898)? This chapter summarizes the argument of this book, explaining why patterns of imperialism demonstrate the influence of commodity prices and entrepreneurs for distinctive patterns of American imperialism. It then addresses 1898. Scholars often suggest that 1898 was the moment when the United States became an empire. This chapter argues that this view is misplaced. Instead, 1898 marks a shift in the US approach to empire, when the US Navy replaced the small entrepreneur as the key figure in US expansion. It then addresses the lessons learned from this book, with an emphasis on the politics of race in the contemporary Pacific and struggles for recognition in the region.

Guano imperialism marked the first major commodity rush into the Pacific. Between 1850 and 1900, the United States claimed over a hundred islands across the world through the Guano Act of 1856. Why did the United States develop a guano empire? Most scholarly attention focuses on state-led explanations for guano imperialism, like the influence of American farmers and naval lobbies on Congress. By contrast, this chapter presents evidence that entrepreneurs led the way into the Pacific. A sudden rise in guano prices led US entrepreneurs to search for guano and threats to their interests from foreign competitors led them to search for government protection.