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The state of housing has a direct impact on a country's level of public health and an indirect effect on labour productivity through the general morale of the workers. Practically all the developing countries face serious housing problems, particularly in the urban areas. China, a developing country that upholds socialist economic principles, is no exception in this regard. One of the purposes of this article is to demonstrate that China shares with many developing countries the same intractable problems – namely, a shortage of housing supply and housing inequality in the urban sector. But having said that China's urban housing problem is brought about by policy directives and institutional arrangements that differ entirely from those in capitalist economies.
In July and August 1987 I spent several weeks in Beijing engaged in lengthy discussions with scholars and officials whose work concerns Tibet.
The most prominent of these people were Wang Furen, chairman of the Department of Ethnology at the Central Institute of Nationalities (CIN); Wang Xiaoyi, associate research fellow at CIN; Huang Hao, associate research fellow at the Institute of Nationalities of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS); Liu Shengqi, research fellow at the Institute of Nationalities of CASS; Yao Zhaolin, chief of the Tibetan Section of the Ethnology Department of CIN; Pan Naigu, chairman of the Department of Sociology at Beijing University; and Dorji Tseten, former head of the Tibet Autonomous Region and currently the chairman of the China Tibetology Research Centre.
We have found that along the banks of the Hu, Chinese and foreign residents mix together in great numbers. Their style of life has traditionally been frivolous and flashy. There is mutual competition for profit, owing to the convenience of communications and the crass materialism. Since this is a centre where Chinese merchants are gathered together, it is a carefree place, where gentlemen and ladies take their pleasure. If one is of the upper classes, then luxurious desires are fully realized and there are many instances of behaviour overstepping proper boundaries. If one is a worthless fellow, then when he sees something different and thinks of moving ahead, he has a disproportionate expectation. He might well wait until the seas are drained and the mountains are worn down and yet still lack the craft to carry out [his plans]. Nonetheless he walks straight into danger without hesitation and willingly engages in illegal behaviour. Furthermore, Communists take advantage of the situation and think of intimidating robbers, kidnappers and bandits to wait in secret for an opportunity to behave outrageously.