This chapter considers the nutrition of animals kept in zoos and conservation medicine. Catering for the many and varied diets of animals living in zoos and aquariums presents a significant challenge for these institutions, but wild animal nutrition now has a solid foundation in science. As the body of knowledge and expertise in animal nutrition and veterinary medicine expands we can expect to see ongoing improvements in not only the health and welfare of animals living in zoos and aquariums, but also that of animals living wild as this knowledge is transferred to assist with in-situ conservation. Improving our understanding of the transmission of zoonotic diseases is essential if we are to prevent, or at least contain, the next global pandemic that originates from a population of wild animals. Zoos can make an important contribution to the One Health Approach to dealing with disease.