In 1905, following two years of bitter debate over Uganda, and after the trauma of Theodor Herzl’s untimely death at the height of the controversy, the Zionist Organization reconvened for its seventh congress. There, a process began that would transform it decidedly into a Land-of-Israel movement, with decisions that would mandate that the Organization’s resources could be used exclusively for settlement and national projects in, or aimed at, that land. As fate would have it, the demographic, economic, and moral crisis that had struck the small Jewish Yishuv in Palestine in the earlier years of the century would begin to be alleviated, with the influx of a new wave of immigration and a renewed momentum for national construction that would be manifested in the coming years in the establishment of a wide range of educational and cultural initiatives and a renewed vigor to settlement projects.