The Early Iron Age was a period of global recession in the Near East. At this time, however, the Southern Levant experienced a wave of urbanization and economic development that led to the emergence of new political entities, including Israel. This abnormal resilience apparently resulted from the renewal of the Arabah copper industry. This activity stimulated the emergence of two networks of metal transportation and working, around which emerged Moab, Ammon, the Philistines, Judah, and the early core of Israel. Copper metallurgy became, therefore, a material support for the movement of emancipation and the cooperation between the newly emerging political entities affiliated with the fraternal alliance.