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13 - Expulsados de la Historia : El argumento histórico en la polémica antijudía hispana (siglos IV-VII)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2023

Purificación Ubric Rabaneda
Affiliation:
Universidad de Granada
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Summary

Abstract

Following the previous patristic tradition, the Hispano-Christian authors oriented the historical interpretation as an essential element in the anti- Jewish discourse around the concept of the Salvation History. With the coming of the Christ, the Jews are ‘evicted’ from History in favour of the Verus Israel . The Augustinian theory of the ‘witness people’ would be assumed with probative value within providentialist history to the detriment of the ancient ‘chosen people’. Subjected by divine design to Christian political power, the Jews suffer the deserved punishment for their innumerable sins. The inheritance of this stigma and the inveterate Jewish unbelief will arouse divine reprobation while allowing the Gentile people, guided by the light of the Christ, to be uniquely incorporated into the Salvation History.

Keywords: Late Antiquity, Hispano-Christian authors, History of Salvation, Anti-Jewish polemics.

Devoto pueblo cristiano,

este misterio notad:

cómo el gran Vespasiano

siendo emperador romano

tuvo grave enfermedad,

que jamás salud halló

en los sus dioses vacíos

hasta que Dios lo sanó,

cuya muerte prometió

de vengarla en los judíos.

Y salió con grade armada

y militar aparato,

y por él fue derribada

Jerusalén y asolada

la sinagoga y Pilato.

Aucto de la destruición de Jerusalén

(finales del siglo XV), versos 1-15.

Introducción: la herencia escrituaria

Uno de los principios ideológicos que la clase intelectual pagana reprochaba al ‘naciente’ cristianismo era la ‘novedad’, su falta de antigüedad y de una tradición suficientemente consolidada que avalase su doctrina. Por ello, a sus ojos, carecía por completo de legítima autoridad. Los defensores a ultranza de las ancestrales creencias arraigadas en el mundo grecorromano recelaban de las nuevas formas de culto religioso por considerar que en su seno escondían la expresión de dañinas supersticiones. De ahí que los apologistas se apresuraran a presentar como propios los sagrados escritos de la tradición judía, asegurando que existía una estrecha vinculación entre los antiguos profetas y la doctrina cristológica que fundamentaba la creencia cristiana. La literatura bíblica proporcionaba así a los cristianos una respetable antigüedad, mayor incluso de la que gozaban los propios mitos grecorromanos. La Biblia se convirtió, de hecho, en la depositaria de la ‘verdad histórica’, si bien el sentido de muchos de sus libros no parecía del todo claro.

Type
Chapter
Information
Writing History in Late Antique Iberia
Historiography in Theory and Practice from the 4th to the 7th Century
, pp. 243 - 272
Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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