Throughout the history of the modern industry, governments have intervened in a variety of ways to protect or advance what they conceived to be their national economic interests. In the late 1950s and in the 1960s, government policies became of increasing significance for the oil industry in almost all countries. In addition to taxation, governments in the developing countries became more concerned about international prices, foreign exchange receipts and payments, currencies of payment, security of supply, foreign investment, and the location, ownership or control of producing and refining facilities. Most countries can be classed as either primarily consumers of crude oil (and products) or primarily producers of crude oil. […]