Introduction

Every pregnant woman wants to be certain that her baby is born healthy. Although women with epilepsy have a somewhat higher risk of having a child with a birth defect than do women without epilepsy, many overestimate the risk, partly because of the many misconceptions about epilepsy and pregnancy, even today. With the help of her physician or nurse, each woman with epilepsy can make a realistic assessment about the risks of pregnancy given her particular situation. It is important to remember that, with good preconception and prenatal care, more than 90% of women with epilepsy will have a normal, healthy infant.

Causes and mechanisms of birth defects/adverse outcomes

Birth defects include major congenital malformations and minor anomalies. Major malformations are significant physical defects which may be life threatening and generally require surgical treatment. Four to eight percent of children born to mothers with epilepsy have a major malformation, as compared to 2–4% of children born to mothers without epilepsy. Minor abnormalities are defined as variations from normal appearance that have no effect on health or well-being.