As William H. Williams’ case coursed through Louisiana’s courts, the state profited from the labor of the convict slaves Williams transported to Louisiana. In 1845, ten of the enslaved felons entered the Louisiana State Penitentiary in Baton Rouge. This chapter chronicles conditions inside the penitentiary, the work the slaves performed, and the difficulties the state confronted in prison management. It also explains how Louisiana law disposed of the children born to enslaved female convicts.