Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T21:52:22.013Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 7 - Analytic Description of Congenitally Malformed Hearts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2024

Robert H. Anderson
Affiliation:
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University
Andrew C. Cook
Affiliation:
University College London
Diane E. Spicer
Affiliation:
University of Florida
Anthony M. Hlavacek
Affiliation:
Medical University of South Carolina
Carl L. Backer
Affiliation:
Cincinnati Children's Hospital
Justin T. Tretter
Affiliation:
Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
Get access

Summary

Systems for describing congenital cardiac malformations have frequently been based on embryological concepts and theories. As useful as these systems have been, they have often had the effect of confusing the clinician, rather than clarifying the basic anatomy of a given lesion. As far as the surgeon is concerned, the essence of a particular malformation lies not in its presumed morphogenesis, but in the underlying anatomy. An effective system for describing this anatomy must be based on the morphology as it is observed. At the same time, it must be capable of accounting for all congenital cardiac conditions, even those that, as yet, might not have been encountered. To be useful clinically, the system must be not only broad and accurate, but also clear and consistent. The terminology used, therefore, should be unambiguous. It should be as simple as possible. The sequential segmental approach provides such a system.1

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Shinebourne, EA, Macartney, FJ, Anderson, RH. Sequential chamber localization: the logical approach to diagnosis in congenital heart disease. Br Heart J 1976; 38: 327340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, RH, Wilcox, BR. Understanding cardiac anatomy: the prerequisite for optimal cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59: 13661375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Praagh, R. The segmental approach to diagnosis in congenital heart disease. In Bergsma, D, ed., Birth Defects: Original Article Series, vol. VIII, no. 5. The Fourth Conference on the Clinical Delineation of Birth Defects. Part XV: The Cardiovascular System. The National Foundation – March of Dimes. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1972: pp. 423.Google Scholar
Anderson, RH, Ho, SY. Sequential segmental analysis – description and categorization for the millennium. Cardiol Young 1997; 7: 98116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Praagh, R, David, I, Wright, GB, Van Praagh, S. Large RV plus small LV is not single RV. Circulation 1980; 61: 10571059.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeton, BR, Macartney, FJ, Hunter, S, et al. Univentricular heart of right ventricular type with double or common inlet. Circulation 1979; 59: 403411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uemura, H, Ho, SY, Devine, WA, Kilpatrick, LL, Anderson, RH. Atrial appendages and venoatrial connections in hearts with patients with visceral heterotaxy. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 60: 561569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Mierop, LHS, Gessner, IH, Schiebler, GL. Asplenia and polysplenia syndromes. In Bergsma, D, ed., Birth Defects: Original Article Series, vol. VIII, no 5. The Fourth Conference on the Clinical Delineation of Birth Defects. Part XV: The Cardiovascular System. The National Foundation March of Dimes. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1972: pp. 3644.Google Scholar
Ivemark, BI. Implications of agenesis of the spleen on the pathogenesis of conotruncus anomalies in childhood. An analysis of the heart; malformations in the splenic agenesis syndrome, with 14 new cases. Acta Paediatr Scand 1955; 44 (Suppl.104): 1110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loomba, RS, Hlavacek, AM, Spicer, DE, Anderson, RH. Isomerism or heterotaxy: which term leads to better understanding? Cardiol Young 2015; 25: 10371043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loomba, RS, Ahmed, MM, Spicer, DE, Backer, CL, Anderson, RH. Manifestations of bodily isomerism. Cardiovasc Path 2016; 25: 173180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huhta, JC, Smallhorn, JF, Macartney, FJ. Two dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of situs. Br Heart J 1982; 48: 97108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, A, Ho, SY, Anderson, RH, et al. The diverse cardiac morphology seen in hearts with isomerism of the atrial appendages with reference to the disposition of the specialized conduction system. Cardiol Young 2006; 16: 437454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, SY, Seo, J-W, Brown, NA, et al. Morphology of the sinus node in human and mouse hearts with isomerism of the atrial appendages. Br Heart J 1995; 74: 437442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiraly, L, Hubay, M, Cook, AC, Ho, SY, Anderson, RH. Morphologic features of the uniatrial but biventricular atrioventricular connection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 133: 229234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobs, ML, Anderson, RH. Nomenclature of the functionally univentricular heart. Cardiol Young 2006; 16 (Suppl.1): 38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, RH. Criss-cross hearts revisited. Pediatr Cardiol 1982; 3: 305313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, RH, Smith, A, Wilkinson, JL. Disharmony between atrioventricular connections and segmental combinations -unusual variants of ‘criss-cross’ hearts. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10: 12741277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, RH, Becker, AE, Van Mierop, LHS. What should we call the ‘crista’? Br Heart J 1977; 39: 856859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hosseinpour, A-R, Jones, TJ, Barron, DJ, Brawn, WJ, Anderson, RH. An appreciation of the structural variability in the components of the ventricular outlets in congenitally malformed hearts. Eur J Cardio-thorac Surg 2007; 31: 888893.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cavalle-Garrido, T, Bernasconi, A, Perrin, D, Anderson, RH. Hearts with concordant ventriculoarterial connections but parallel arterial trunks. Heart 2007; 93: 100106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×