Gerhard Werle and Aziz Epik discuss the impact of theories of punishment on the sentencing decisions of the ICC. In their view, the question of ‘why punish’ has – and should have – an impact on the ‘how’ of punishment, i.e., on the sentencing process and its outcome. After a careful analysis of the ICC’s sentencing decisions, they come to the conclusion that a consistent approach with regard to the sentencing objectives can be detected, but that judges do not elaborate on how these objectives influence and guide the sentencing decisions. In the following, the authors outline a coherent sentencing model that takes into account theories of punishment and the objectives of sentencing. Because its most important requirement is to ensure proportionality, Werle and Epik discuss the factors that should be taken into account in determining the gravity of the crime and the culpability of the offender. Within the proportionality framework, in order to ensure special deterrence and rehabilitation, the individual circumstances of the offender can also be taken into account.