Part IV focuses on post-Lausanne Turkey, analyzing the rise of an internationally acclaimed “model dictatorship,” a modernizing unitary nation-state after the Conference. When Democracy Died has emphasized the need to understand the Lausanne Treaty by considering the whole decade of transformative politics, wars and violence that preceded the Conference. It has stressed proactive planning by Turkish leaders in the context of the European and global crises of the 1910s and 1920s. It has insisted on a mutual shaping: the Conference fundamentally shaped the nascent Republic of Turkey, whilst the delegation from Ankara’s National Assembly government marked the Lausanne Conference and defined the Allies’ (i.e. the West’s), new realpolitik.