Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-f554764f5-8cg97 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-08T21:23:03.674Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - From exploitation to adoration

The historical and contemporary contexts of human–cetacean interactions

from Part I - The historical and contemporary contexts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2014

By
Simon J. Allen
Edited by
James Higham ,
Lars Bejder  and
Rob Williams
Simon J. Allen
Affiliation:
Murdoch University,Western Australia
James Higham
Affiliation:
University of Otago, New Zealand
Lars Bejder
Affiliation:
Murdoch University, Western Australia
Rob Williams
Affiliation:
University of St Andrews, Scotland
Get access

Summary

Introduction

Cetaceans have long held great significance in the lives of humans. This significance has been both practical and spiritual and is reflected in artefacts dating back some 10,000 years, in spoken myths and legends, in the writings of Greek and Roman philosophers and many more recent chroniclers of the encounters between humans and wildlife (Alpers, 1963; Cousteau & Diolé, 1972; Constantine, 2002; Neimi, 2010). Some cultures have feared cetaceans, others have been indifferent, while still others revered them, erecting statues and totems in their honour and even deifying them in some cases (Constantine, 2002). Broadly speaking, the historical view of cetaceans was divided along loose phyletic lines: dolphins being seen as sleek, graceful and a good omen for sailors (or simply as pests to fishers), while the great whales were monstrous, mysterious and fearful.

With increasingly thorough exploration and exploitation of riverine and oceanic habitats over the course of the last few centuries, human–cetacean interactions have moved far beyond opportunistic encounters and come to span the broadest possible spectrum (Whitehead et al., 2000). Humans and cetaceans have engaged in commensal and mutually beneficial foraging relationships; humans have hunted cetaceans for food, bait, oil, baleen and other resources, culled cetaceans over fears of competition for fish resources, and captured them for display in aquaria; and cetaceans have, in turn, exploited various human activities for assisted locomotion, play and the procurement of food (e.g. Busnel, 1973; Shane et al., 1986; van Waerebeek & Reyes, 1994; Orams, 1997; Samuels & Tyack, 2000; Read, 2008). This spectrum of interactions has resulted in negative, neutral and positive outcomes for both humans and cetaceans involved.

Type
Chapter
Information
Whale-watching
Sustainable Tourism and Ecological Management
 , pp. 31 - 47
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Allen, S. & Bejder, L. (2003). Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis sightings on the Australian coast and the increasing potential for entanglement. Pacific Conservation Biology 9, 228–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, S.J. & Loneragan, N.R. (2010). Reducing dolphin bycatch in the Pilbara finfish trawl fishery. Final Report to the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Perth, Australia: Murdoch University, p. 59. ISBN: 978–0–86905–926–5.Google Scholar
Allen, S., Smith, H., Waples, K. & Harcourt, R. (2007). The voluntary code of conduct for dolphin watching in Port Stephens, Australia: Is self-regulation an effective management tool?Journal of Cetacean Research & Management 9, 159–166.Google Scholar
Alpers, A. (1963). The Dolphins. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Anderson, P.K. (2001). Marine mammals in the next one hundred years: Twilight for a Pleistocene megafauna?Journal of Mammalogy 82, 623–629.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, C.S. & Herman, L.M. (1989). Behavioral responses of summering humpback whales to vessel traffic: experimental and opportunistic observations. Report from the University of Hawaii to the US National Park Service, Anchorage, Alaska, p. 50.Google Scholar
Bannister, J.L. (1986). Southern Right Whales: Status off Australia from the twentieth-century ‘incidental’ sightings and aerial survey. In Report to the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue 10). Cambridge: IWC, pp. 153–158.Google Scholar
Bannister, J.L. (2001). Status of Southern Right Whales (Eubalaena australis) of southern Australia. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management (Special Issue) 2, 103–110.Google Scholar
Bateson, G. (1974). Observations of a cetacean community. In McIntyre, J. (Ed.),Mind in the Waters. New York, NY: Scribner's, pp. 146–165.Google Scholar
Baur, D.C., Bean, M.J. & Gosliner, M.L. (1999). The laws governing marine mammal conservation in the United States. In Twiss, J.R. & Reeves, R.R. (Eds), Conservation and Management of Marine Mammals. Washington, DC:Smithsonian Institute Press, pp. 48–86.Google Scholar
Bearzi, G. (2000). First report of a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) death following penetration of a biopsy dart. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 2, 217–221.Google Scholar
Bearzi, G., Reeves, R.R., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., et al. (2003). Ecology, status and conservation of short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis in the Mediterranean Sea. Mammal Review 33, 224–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bejder, L. & Samuels, A. (2003). Evaluating the effects of nature-based tourism on cetaceans. In Gales, N., Hindell, M. & Kirkwood, R. (Eds), Marine Mammals: Fisheries, tourism and management issues. Collingwood:CSIRO, pp. 229–256.Google Scholar
Bejder, L., Dawson, S.M. & Harraway, J.A. (1999). Responses by Hector's dolphins to boats and swimmers in Porpoise Bay, New Zealand. Marine Mammal Science 15, 738–750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bejder, L., Samuels, A., Whitehead, H., et al. (2006). Decline in relative abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) exposed to long-term disturbance. Conservation Biology 20, 1791–1798.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birtles, R.A., Arnold, P.W. & Dunstan, A. (2002). Commercial swim programs with dwarf minke whales on the northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia: Some characteristics of the encounters with management implications. Australian Mammalogy 24, 23–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, I.L., Bowen, W.D. & Iverson, S.J. (2010). Marine Mammal Ecology and Conservation: A handbook of techniques. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
British Broadcasting Corporation (2004). BBC Wildlife Magazine 22.
Busnel, R.G. (1973). Symbiotic relationship between man & dolphins. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 35, 112–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cisneros-Montemayor, A.M., Sumaila, U.R., Kaschner, K. & Pauly, D. (2010). The global potential for whale watching. Marine Policy 34, 1273–1278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clapham, P. (2000). The humpback whale: Seasonal feeding and breeding in a baleen whale. In Mann, J., Connor, R.C., Tyack, P.L. & Whitehead, H. (Eds), Cetacean Societies: Field studies of dolphins and whales. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 173–196.Google Scholar
Connor, R.C. & Smolker, R.A. (1985). Habituated dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Western Australia. Journal of Mammalogy 66, 398–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connor, R.C., Smolker, R.A. & Richards, A.F. (1992). Dolphin alliances and coalitions. In Harcourt, A.H. & de Waal, F.B.M. (Eds), Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and other Animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 415–443.Google Scholar
Connor, R.C., Wells, R.S., Mann, J. & Read, A.J. (2000). The bottlenose dolphin: Social relationships in a fission-fusion society. In Mann, J., Connor, R.C., Tyack, P.L. & Whitehead, H. (Eds), Cetacean Societies: Field studies of dolphins and whales. Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press, pp. 173–196.Google Scholar
Constantine, R. (2001). Increased avoidance of swimmers by wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) due to long-term exposure to swim-with-dolphin tourism. Marine Mammal Science 17, 689–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Constantine, R. (2002). Folklore and legends. In Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. (Eds), The Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 448–450.Google Scholar
Constantine, R., Brunton, D.H. & Dennis, T. (2004). Dolphin-watching tour boats change bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) behaviour. Biological Conservation 117, 299–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corkeron, P.J. (2004). Whale watching, iconography, and marine conservation. Conservation Biology 18, 847–849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corkeron, P.J. (2006). How shall we watch whales? In D. Lavigne (Ed.), Gaining Ground: In pursuit of ecological sustainability. Guelph, ON:International Fund for Animal Welfare, pp. 161–170.Google Scholar
Cousteau, J.-Y. & Diolé, P. (1972). The Whale: Mighty monarch of the sea. New York, NY: Arrowood Press.Google Scholar
Cramer, K.L., Perryman, W.L. & Gerodette, T. (2008). Declines in reproductive output in two dolphin populations depleted by the yellowfin purse-seine fishery. Marine Ecology Progress Series 369, 273–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daura-Jorge, F.G., Cantor, M., Ingram, S.N., Lusseau, D. & Simões-Lopes, P.C. (2012). The structure of a bottlenose dolphin society is coupled to unique foraging cooperation with artisanal fishermen. Biology Letters 8, 702–705.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawbin, W.H. (1986). Right whales caught in waters around south eastern Australia and New Zealand during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In Report to the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue 10), Cambridge: IWC, pp. 261–267.Google Scholar
Dawson, S., Pichler, F., Slooten, E., Russell, K. & Baker, C.S. (2001). The North Island Hector's dolphin is vulnerable to extinction. Marine Mammal Science 17, 366–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeMaster, D.P., Fowler, C.W., Perry, S.L. & Richlen, M.F. (2001). Predation and competition: The impact of fisheries on marine-mammal populations over the next one hundred years. Journal of Mammalogy 82, 641–651.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Fisheries. (2011). State of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. Report 2010/11 (Fletcher, W.J. & Santoro, K., Eds), p. 359. Department of Fisheries, Western Australia. Available at .Google Scholar
Dudzinski, K.M. (1998). The best-kept secret in dolphin swim programs is in Japan. Whalewatcher 31, 14–17.Google Scholar
Duffus, D.A. & Dearden, P. (1993). Recreational use, valuation, and management, of killer whales (Orcinus orca) on Canada's Pacific Coast. Environmental Conservation 20, 149–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fair, P.A., Adams, J., Mitchum, G., et al. (2010). Contaminant blubber burdens in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from two southeastern US estuarine areas: Concentrations and patterns of PCBs, pesticides, PBDEs, PFCs, and PAHs. Science of the Total Environment 408, 1577–1597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairholme, J.K.E. (1856). The Blacks of Moreton Bay and the porpoises. Zoological Society of London, Proceedings 24, 353–354.Google Scholar
Fontaine, M.C., Snirc, A., Frantzis, A., et al. (2012). History of expansion and anthropogenic collapse in a top marine predator of the Black Sea estimated from genetic data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, E2569–E2576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gales, N.J., Johnston, D., Littnan, C. & Boyd, I.L. (2010). Ethics in marine mammal science. In Boyd, I.L., Bowen, W.D. & Iverson, S.J. (Eds), Marine Mammal Ecology and Conservation: A handbook of techniques. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–15.Google Scholar
Garrod, B. & Fennell, D.A. (2004). An analysis of whalewatching codes of conduct. Annals of Tourism Research 31, 334–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, J., Leaper, R., Hartley, F.G. & Chappell, O. (1992). Effect of whale-watching vessels on the surface and underwater acoustic behaviour of sperm whales off Kaikoura, New Zealand. Science and Research Series No. 52. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation, p. 64.Google Scholar
Gosliner, M.L. (1999). The tuna–dolphin controversy. In Twiss, J.R. & Reeves, R.R. (Eds), Conservation and Management of Marine Mammals. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press, pp. 48–86.Google Scholar
Halpern, B.S., Selkoe, K.A., Micheli, F. & Kappel, C.V. (2007). Evaluating and ranking the vulnerability of global marine ecosystems to anthropogenic threats. Conservation Biology 21, 1301–1315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hastie, G.D., Wilson, B., Tufft, L.H. & Thompson, P.M. (2003). Bottlenose dolphins increase breathing synchrony in response to boat traffic. Marine Mammal Science 19, 74–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckel, G., Reilly, S.B., Sumich, J.L. & Espejel, I. (2001). The influence of whalewatching on the behaviour of migrating gray whales (Eschrichtus robustus) in Todos Santos Bay and surrounding waters, Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 3, 227–237.Google Scholar
Herman, L.M. (Ed.) (1980). Cetacean Behaviour: Mechanisms and functions. New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience.
Holyoake, C., Finn, H., Stephens, N., et al. (2010). Technical Report on the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) Unusual Mortality Event within the Swan Canning Riverpark, June-October 2009. Report to the Swan River Trust, Perth, Western Australia.Google Scholar
Hoyt, E. (2001). Whale Watching 2001: Worldwide tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding socioeconomic benefits. Yarmouth Port, UK:International Fund for Animal Welfare, p. 158.Google Scholar
International Whaling Commission. (2006). Report of the scientific committee. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management (Suppl.) 8, 1–65.Google Scholar
Isobe, T., Ochi, Y., Ramu, K., et al. (2009). Organohalogen contaminants in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from Japan: Present contamination status, body distribution and temporal trends (1978–2003). Marine Pollution Bulletin 58, 396–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaiteh, V.F., Allen, S.J., Meeuwig, J.J. & Loneragan, N.R. (2013). Subsurface behaviour of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) interacting with fish trawl nets in north-western Australia. Marine Mammal Science 29, E266–E281.CrossRef
Janik, V.M. & Thompson, P.M. (1996). Changes in surfacing patterns of bottlenose dolphins in response to boat traffic. Marine Mammal Science 12, 597–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaramillo-Legorreta, A., Rojas-Bracho, L., BrownellJr., R.L., et al. (2007). Saving the Vaquita: Immediate action, not more data. Conservation Biology 21, 1653–1655.Google Scholar
Kogi, K., Hishii, T., Imamura, A., Iwatani, T. & Dudzinski, K. (2004). Demographic parameters of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) around Mikura Island, Japan. Marine Mammal Science 20, 510–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraus, S.D., Brown, M.W., Caswell, H., et al. (2005). North Atlantic right whales in crisis. Science 309, 561–562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laist, D.W., Knowlton, A.R., Mead, J.G., Collet, A.S. & Podesta, M. (2001). Collisions between ships and whales. Marine Mammal Science 17, 35–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavigne, D.M., Scheffer, V.B. & Kellert, S.R. (1999). The evolution of North American attitudes toward marine mammals. In Twiss, J.R. & Reeves, R.R. (Eds), Conservation and Management of Marine Mammals. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press, pp. 10–47.Google Scholar
Lockyer, C. (1990). Review of incidents involving wild, sociable dolphins, worldwide. In Leatherwood, S. & Reeves, R.R. (Eds), The Bottlenose Dolphin. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 337–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lusseau, D. (2003). The effects of tour boats on the behavior of bottlenose dolphins: Using Markov chains to model anthropogenic impacts. Conservation Biology 17, 1785–1793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lusseau, D. (2004). The hidden cost of tourism: Detecting long-term effects of tourism using behavioural information. Ecology and Society 9, 2. Available at: CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lusseau, D. (2005). Residency pattern of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) in Milford Sound, New Zealand, is related to boat traffic. Marine Ecology Progress Series 295, 265–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lusseau, D., Slooten, E. & Currey, R.J.C. (2006). Unsustainable dolphin-watching tourism in fiordland, New Zealand. Tourism in Marine Environments 3, 173–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackaness, G. (1979). The Discovery and Exploration of Moreton Bay and the Brisbane River. Dubbo:Review Publications.Google Scholar
Mangel, J.C., Alfaro-Shigueto, J., Van Waerebeek, K., et al. (2010). Small cetacean captures in Peruvian artisanal fisheries: High despite protective legislation. Biological Conservation 143, 136–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, J. & Kemps, C. (2003). The effects of provisioning on maternal care in wild bottlenose dolphins, Shark Bay, Australia. In Gales, N., Hindell, M. & Kirkwood, R. (Eds), Marine Mammals: Fisheries, tourism and management issues. Collingwood:CSIRO Publishing, pp. 304–317.Google Scholar
Marsh, H., Arnold, P., Freeman, M., et al. (2003). Strategies for conserving marine mammals. In Gales, N., Hindell, M. & Kirkwood, R. (Eds), Marine Mammals: Fisheries, tourism and management issues. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, pp. 1–19.Google Scholar
McBride, A.F. & Hebb, D.O. (1948). Behaviour of the captive bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus. Journal of Comparative Physiology and Psychology 41, 111–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mead, T. (1961). The Killers of Eden. Sydney:Angus and Robertson Publishers.Google Scholar
Moore, M., Andrews, R., Austin, T., et al. (2012). Rope trauma, sedation, disentanglement, and monitoring-tag associated lesions in a terminally entangled North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Marine Mammal Science DOI: 10.1111/j.1748–7692.2012.00591.x.CrossRef
Myers, R.A. & Worm, B. (2003). Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. Nature 423, 280–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neimi, A.R. (2010). Life by the shore. Maritime dimensions of the late Stone Age, Arctic Norway. In W. Østreng (Ed.), Transference. Interdisciplinary Communications. Available at , ISBN: 978–82–996367–7–3.
Northridge, S.N. & Hofman, R.J. (1999). Marine mammal interactions with fisheries. In Twiss, J.R. & Reeves, R.R. (Eds), Conservation and Management of Marine Mammals. Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press, pp. 99–119.Google Scholar
O’Connor, S., Campbell, R., Cortez, H. & Knowles, T. (Eds) (2009). Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding economic benefits. Report to International Fund for Animal Welfare.Melbourne:Economists at Large.
Orams, M.B. (1997). Historical accounts of human–dolphin interaction and recent developments in wild dolphin based tourism in Australasia. Tourism Management 18, 317–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orams, M.B. (1999). Marine Tourism: Development, impacts and management. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orams, M.B. (2001). From whale hunting to whale watching in Tonga: A sustainable future? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 9, 128–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orams, M.B. (2002). Humpback whales in Tonga: An economic resource for tourism. Coastal Management 30, 361–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orams, M.B., Hill, G.J.E. & Baglioni, Jr, A.J. (1996). ‘Pushy’ behaviour in a wild dolphin feeding program at Tangalooma, Australia. Marine Mammal Science 12, 107–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, E.C.M. & Rawles, C. (2003). The resumption of whaling in Iceland and the potential negative impact in the Icelandic whale-watching market. Current Issues in Tourism 6, 444–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, S.L., DeMaster, D.P. & Silber, G.K. (1999). The great whales: History and status of six species listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973. Marine Fisheries Review 61, 1–74.Google Scholar
Ramage, P.R. (2009). Preface. In O’Connor, S., Campbell, R., Cortez, H. & Knowles, T. (Eds), Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding economic benefits. Report to International Fund for Animal Welfare. Melbourne:Economists at Large.Google Scholar
Read, A.J. (2008). The looming crisis: Interactions between marine mammals and fisheries. Journal of Mammalogy 89, 541–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Read, A.J., Drinker, P. & Northridge, S. (2006). Bycatch of marine mammals in U.S. and global fisheries. Conservation Biology 20, 163–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richardson, W.J., Greene, C.R., Malme, C.I. & Thomson, D.H. (1995). Marine Mammals and Noise. San Diego, CA:Academic Press.Google Scholar
Romero, A. & Hayford, K. (2000). Past and present utilisation of marine mammals in Grenada, West Indies. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 2, 223–226.Google Scholar
Ross, P.S., Ellis, G.M., Ikonomou, M.G., Barrett-Lennard, L.G. & Addison, R.F. (2000). High PCB concentrations in free-ranging Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca): Effects of age, sex and dietary preference. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40, 504–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuels, A. & Bejder, L. (2004). Chronic interaction between humans and free-ranging bottlenose dolphins near Panama City Beach, Florida, USA. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 6, 69–77.Google Scholar
Samuels, A. & Tyack, P. (2000). Flukeprints: A history of studying cetacean societies. In Mann, J., Connor, R.C., Tyack, P.L. & Whitehead, H. (Eds), Cetacean Societies: Field studies of dolphins and whales. Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press, pp. 9–44.Google Scholar
Samuels, A., Bejder, L. & Heinrich, S. (2000). A Review of the Literature Pertaining to Swimming with Wild Dolphins. Report to the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, Maryland.Google Scholar
Samuels, A., Bejder, L., Constantine, R. & Heinrich, S. (2003). Swimming with wild cetaceans, with a special focus on the Southern Hemisphere. In Gales, N., Hindell, M. & Kirkwood, R. (Eds),Marine Mammals: Fisheries, tourism and management issues.Collingwood:CSIRO Publishing, pp. 277–303.Google Scholar
Scarpaci, C., Bigger, S.W., Corkeron, P.J. & Nugegoda, D. (2000). Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) increase whistling in the presence of ‘swim-with-dolphin’ tour operations. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 2, 183–185.Google Scholar
Shane, S.H., Wells, R.S. & Wursig, B. (1986). Ecology, behaviour and social organization of the bottlenose dolphin: A review. Marine Mammal Science 2, 34–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shane, S.H., Tepley, L. & Costello, L. (1993). Life-threatening contact between a woman and a pilot whale captured on film. Marine Mammal Science 9, 331–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaughnessy, P., Kirkwood, R., Cawthorn, M., Kemper, C. & Pemberton, D. (2003). Pinnipeds, cetaceans and fisheries in Australia: A review of operational interactions. In Gales, N., Hindell, M. & Kirkwood, R. (Eds), Marine Mammals: Fisheries, tourism and management issues. Collingwood:CSIRO Publishing, pp. 136–152.Google Scholar
Sinding, M.-H.S., Gilbert, M.T.P., Grønnow, B., et al. (2012). Minimally destructive DNA extraction from archaeological artefacts made from whale baleen. Journal of Archaeological Science 39, 3750–3753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slooten, E., Dawson, S.M., Rayment, W.J. & Childerhouse, S.J. (2006). A new abundance estimate for Maui's dolphin: What does it mean for managing this critically endangered species?Biological Conservation 128, 576–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J.N., Grantham, H.S., Gales, N., et al. (2012). Identification of humpback whale breeding and calving habitat in the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 447, 259–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spradlin, T.R., Terbush, A.D. & Smullen, W.S. (1998). National Marine Fisheries Service update on human/dolphin interactions in the wild. Soundings 23, 25–27.Google Scholar
Stewart, K.L. & Marino, L. (2009). Dolphin–Human Interaction Programs: Policies, problems and alternatives. Michigan: Animals and Society Institute.Google Scholar
Stone, G.S. & Yoshinaga, A. (2000). Hector's dolphin Cephalorhynchus hectori calf mortalities may indicate new risks from boat traffic and habituation. Pacific Conservation Biology 6, 162–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tavolga, M.C. & Essapian, F.S. (1957). The behavior of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Mating, pregnancy, parturition and mother–infant behavior. Zoologica 42, 11–31.Google Scholar
Tonay, A.M. & Öztürk, A.A. (2012). Historical records of cetacean fishery in the Turkish seas. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 18, 388–399.Google Scholar
Turvey, S.T., Pitman, R.L., Taylor, B.L., et al. (2007). First human-caused extinction of a cetacean species?Biology Letters 3, 537–540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Waerebeek, K. & Reyes, J. (1994). Post-ban small cetacean takes off Peru: A review. Report of the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue) 15, 503–519.Google Scholar
Veth, P. & O’Connor, S. (2013). Australia: The last 50,000 years. In A. Bashford & S. Macintyre (Eds), Cambridge History of Australia, Volume 1 Colonial Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 17–42.
Wellings, C.E. (1944). The killer whales of Twofold Bay, NSW, Australia Grampus orca. Australian Zoologist 10, 291–294.Google Scholar
Wells, R.S. & Scott, M.D. (1997). Seasonal incidence of boat strikes on bottlenose dolphins near Sarasota, Florida. Marine Mammal Science 13, 475–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, H., Reeves, R.R. & Tyack, P. (2000). Science and the conservation, protection, and management of wild cetaceans. In Mann, J., Connor, R.C., Tyack, P.L. & Whitehead, H. (Eds), Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales. Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press, pp. 308–332.Google Scholar
Whitt, A. & Read, A. (2006). Assessing compliance to guidelines by dolphin-watching operators in Clearwater, Florida, USA. Tourism in Marine Environments 3, 117–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, R., Lusseau, D. & Hammond, P. S. (2006). Estimating relative energetic costs of human disturbance to killer whales (Orcinus orca). Biological Conservation 133, 301–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Würsig, B. (1996). Swim-with-dolphin activities in nature: Weighing the pros and cons. Whalewatcher 30, 11–15.Google Scholar
Yablokov, A.V. (1994). Validity of whaling data. Nature 367, 108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×