We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 February 2022
The chapter explores the water–energy nexus associated with conventional and unconventional (tight) oil exploration, provides water-intensity values associated with conventional oil drilling and enhanced oil recovery, and hydraulic fracturing. The chapter explores the source, volume, geochemistry, and water quality issues of conventional and unconventional oil produced water. The chapter explains the nature and origins of oil field brines, as well as the inorganic (salts, metals, and naturally occurring radioactive elements) and organic constituents. The chapter evaluates the impact of oil produced water on the environment, as well as the ability to reuse oil produced water for beneficial use. The chapter explores the water use and quality associated with oil sand extraction and processing and possible environmental effects as well as oil refining. The chapter evaluates the impact of oil spills on water resources. The chapter examines policy mechanisms that influence the extent of environmental externalities that have emerged from oil production and exploration, including government regulations, forms of corporate society responsibility, and types of contracts.
To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.
