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16 - Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction at Beidha, southern Jordan (c. 18,000–8,500 BP): Implications for human occupation during the Natufian and Pre-Pottery Neolithic

from Part IV - Human settlement, climate change, hydrology and water management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2011

By
Claire Rambeau ,
Bill Finlayson ,
Sam Smith ,
Stuart Black ,
Robyn Inglis  and
Stuart Robinson
Edited by
Steven Mithen  and
Emily Black
Claire Rambeau
Affiliation:
University of Reading
Bill Finlayson
Affiliation:
Council for British Research in the Levant (CBRL)
Sam Smith
Affiliation:
Oxford Brookes University
Stuart Black
Affiliation:
University of Reading
Robyn Inglis
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Stuart Robinson
Affiliation:
University College London
Steven Mithen
Affiliation:
University of Reading
Emily Black
Affiliation:
University of Reading
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Summary

ABSTRACT

The Beidha archaeological site in Southern Jordan was occupied during the Natufian (two discrete occupation phases, c. 15,200–14,200 cal. BP and c. 13,600–13,200 cal. years BP) and Pre-Pottery B Neolithic periods (c. 10,300–8,600 cal. years BP). This chapter reconstructs the palaeoenvironments at Beidha during these periods, using sedimentological observations and the stable isotopic composition (oxygen and carbon) of carbonate deposits. Age control is provided by uranium-series and radiocarbon dating. Detailed analysis of a carbonate stratigraphic section related to a fossil spring close to the site, and a sequence of carbonate nodules from a section on the western edge of the archaeological site, permits a reconstruction of climatic variations between c. 18,000 and c. 8,500 years BP. The results of the palaeoenvironmental study are compared with the archaeological evidence, to explore the relationship between human occupation and climatic variability at Beidha. The results indicate a marked correspondence between more favourable (wetter) environmental conditions and phases of occupation at Beidha, and provide clues to the likely sources of water that sustained the settlement during the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene.

INTRODUCTION

Climate change during the Late Pleistocene–early Holocene is often seen as a key factor in the transition to sedentism and stable, agricultural societies in the Middle East, given the background of major events such as the start of the Younger Dryas and the Holocene (e.g. Moore and Hillman, 1992; Mithen, 2003; Cordova, 2007, see also Feynman and Ruzmaikin, 2007).

Type
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Information
Water, Life and Civilisation
Climate, Environment and Society in the Jordan Valley
 , pp. 245 - 268
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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