Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T01:58:07.364Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2021

Annie Tracy Samuel
Affiliation:
University of Tennessee, Chattanooga
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Unfinished History of the Iran-Iraq War
Faith, Firepower, and Iran's Revolutionary Guards
, pp. 267 - 297
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

“General Policies of the System in the Forthcoming Period,” Majlis Research Center, November 3, 2003, https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/132299.Google Scholar
“Iran’s National Security in Theory and Practice,” Majlis Research Center, 1999, https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/732615.Google Scholar
“Saddam Hussein’s Set of Assets Was Destroyed with the Conquest of Khorramshahr,” ICANA, May 22, 2011, www.icana.ir/Fa/News/165109.Google Scholar
“Soft Power, Soft Technology, and Its Effects and Applications in the Defense Sector,” Majlis Research Center, 2007, https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/732797.Google Scholar
Jafari, Mohammad Ali, Dusty Overlays (Soore Mehr, 2016).Google Scholar
Khamenei, Ali, “America’s Strategic Steps for Influence in Iran,” September 19, 2015, https://farsi.khamenei.ir/others-note?id=30796.Google Scholar
Khamenei, “The Leader of the Revolution’s Answers to Ten Questions About the Historical Struggle of the Iranian Nation with America,” December 6, 2012, http://farsi.khamenei.ir/print-content?id=21721.Google Scholar
Khomeini, Ruhollah, “If the Sepah Did Not Exist, the Country Would Also Not Exist,” April 10, 2019, www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/NewsPrint.aspx?ID=2240.Google Scholar
Ministry of the Interior, “Governor of Eastern Azerbaijan Emphasizes Utilizing the Management Style of the Holy Defense,” September 26, 2015, www.moi.ir/fa/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/35829.Google Scholar
Rezaee, Mohsen, Online Archive, http://rezaee.ir/fa/archive.Google Scholar
Rafsanjani, Akbar Hashemi, Online Memoirs, https://rafsanjani.ir/diaries.Google Scholar
Rouhani, Hassan, “Confrontation with Iran, Big Mistake of Powers and Reactionaries,” September 22, 2014, http://president.ir/fa/81065.Google Scholar
Rouhani, “Text of the President’s Speech at the Country’s Annual Defensive Industry Day Ceremony,” August 22, 2015, www.president.ir/fa/88805/printable.Google Scholar
War Information Headquarters, Supreme Defense Council, The Imposed War: Defense vs. Aggression, 5 Volumes (1983–87) (English).Google Scholar
Zarif, Mohammad Javad (@JZarif), “Honored to meet top cmdrs,” Twitter, April 10, 2019 (English), https://twitter.com/JZarif/status/1115962335313657856?s=20.Google Scholar
Zarif, “Iran’s Message: Our Counterparts Must Choose Between Agreement and Coercion,” YouTube (video), July 3, 2015 (English),Google Scholar
“General Policies of the System in the Forthcoming Period,” Majlis Research Center, November 3, 2003, https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/132299.Google Scholar
“Iran’s National Security in Theory and Practice,” Majlis Research Center, 1999, https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/732615.Google Scholar
“Saddam Hussein’s Set of Assets Was Destroyed with the Conquest of Khorramshahr,” ICANA, May 22, 2011, www.icana.ir/Fa/News/165109.Google Scholar
“Soft Power, Soft Technology, and Its Effects and Applications in the Defense Sector,” Majlis Research Center, 2007, https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/732797.Google Scholar
Jafari, Mohammad Ali, Dusty Overlays (Soore Mehr, 2016).Google Scholar
Khamenei, Ali, “America’s Strategic Steps for Influence in Iran,” September 19, 2015, https://farsi.khamenei.ir/others-note?id=30796.Google Scholar
Khamenei, “The Leader of the Revolution’s Answers to Ten Questions About the Historical Struggle of the Iranian Nation with America,” December 6, 2012, http://farsi.khamenei.ir/print-content?id=21721.Google Scholar
Khomeini, Ruhollah, “If the Sepah Did Not Exist, the Country Would Also Not Exist,” April 10, 2019, www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/NewsPrint.aspx?ID=2240.Google Scholar
Ministry of the Interior, “Governor of Eastern Azerbaijan Emphasizes Utilizing the Management Style of the Holy Defense,” September 26, 2015, www.moi.ir/fa/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/35829.Google Scholar
Rezaee, Mohsen, Online Archive, http://rezaee.ir/fa/archive.Google Scholar
Rafsanjani, Akbar Hashemi, Online Memoirs, https://rafsanjani.ir/diaries.Google Scholar
Rouhani, Hassan, “Confrontation with Iran, Big Mistake of Powers and Reactionaries,” September 22, 2014, http://president.ir/fa/81065.Google Scholar
Rouhani, “Text of the President’s Speech at the Country’s Annual Defensive Industry Day Ceremony,” August 22, 2015, www.president.ir/fa/88805/printable.Google Scholar
War Information Headquarters, Supreme Defense Council, The Imposed War: Defense vs. Aggression, 5 Volumes (1983–87) (English).Google Scholar
Zarif, Mohammad Javad (@JZarif), “Honored to meet top cmdrs,” Twitter, April 10, 2019 (English), https://twitter.com/JZarif/status/1115962335313657856?s=20.Google Scholar
Zarif, “Iran’s Message: Our Counterparts Must Choose Between Agreement and Coercion,” YouTube (video), July 3, 2015 (English),Google Scholar
CIA, “Khuzestan: Iran’s Achilles Tendon” (Undated), www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP09-00438R000100380001-7.pdf.Google Scholar
McLaurin, R. D., “Technical Memorandum 13-82, Military Operations in the Gulf War: The Battle of Khorramshahr (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: US Army Human Engineering Laboratory, July 1982).Google Scholar
Metz, Helen Chapin, ed., Iran: A Country Study (Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1987).Google Scholar
Metz, Helen Chapin, Iraq: A Country Study (Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1988).Google Scholar
“Report of the President’s Special Review Board (Tower Commission),” February 26, 1987, https://archive.org/details/TowerCommission/mode/2up.Google Scholar
US Navy, “Formal Investigation into the Circumstances Surrounding the Attack on the USS Stark (FFG 31) on May 17, 1987,” June 12, 1987, www.jag.navy.mil/library/investigations/USS;%20STARK%20BASIC.pdf.Google Scholar
IAEA Board of Governors, “Final Assessment on Past and Present Outstanding Issues Regarding Iran’s Nuclear Programme,” GOV/2015/68, December 2, 2015, www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gov-2015-68.pdf.Google Scholar
“No. 14903 Iran and Iraq,” Treaty Series: Treaties and International Agreements Registered or Filed and Recorded with the Secretariat of the United Nations, Volume 1017 (New York: United Nations, 1986), https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201017/v1017.pdf.Google Scholar
“Security Council Toughens Sanctions Against Iran, Adds Arms Embargo, with Unanimous Adoption of Resolution 1747 (2007),” March 24, 2007, www.un.org/press/en/2007/sc8980.doc.htm.Google Scholar
“Secretary-General Dismayed at Iraq’s Intention to Resume Attacks on Iran’s Civilian Areas,” UN Chronicle 22.7 (July 1985).Google Scholar
UN Security Council, “Resolution 479 (1980) of 28 September 1980,”Google Scholar
“Resolution 514 (1982) of 12 July 1982,”Google Scholar
“Resolution 598 (1987) of 20 July 1987,”Google Scholar
“Note from Mohammad Doroodian: Recalling the Founders of the Sepah Political Bureau,” May 31, 2014, www.defapress.ir/fa/print/20511.Google Scholar
“Visit of the Head of the Holy Defense Research and Documentation Center [with] the Holy Defense News Agency,” September 15, 2019, https://defapress.ir/fa/print/361789.Google Scholar
“America Does Not Have the Ability to Confront Our Defensive System,” January 8, 2014, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13921018000867.Google Scholar
“The Army Is the Impregnable Fortress of the Revolution and the Strong Arm of the Nation,” April 17, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/9001280173.Google Scholar
“Commander Jazayeri: Those Who Put Confidence in America Are Not Familiar with America or [Its] Policy,” September 24, 2013, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13920702000676.Google Scholar
“Commemorating the Holy Defense Adheres to the Values of the Revolution,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000440.Google Scholar
“The Culture of Holy Defense Must Be Put into Action,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000117.Google Scholar
“Establishment of Exhibition of Holy Defense Achievements in Sanandaj,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000373.Google Scholar
“Faith in God and the Leadership Is the Reason for Our Advantage in the Face of the Enemies’ Equipment,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630001213.Google Scholar
“Full Text of the Imam’s Letter on the Acceptance of Resolution 598,” July 20, 2007, www.farsnews.com/printable.php?nn=8604170080.Google Scholar
“Funeral of Two Anonymous Martyrs of the Holy Defense,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000137.Google Scholar
“Global Post: Sanctions or Military Attack Against Iran Are Useless,” April 3, 2012, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13910115000949.Google Scholar
“Holding of Parade of Armed Forces of Markazi Province in 12 Regions,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630000697.Google Scholar
“The Holy Defense Was a Major Test for the System,” September 24, 2011,www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000370.Google Scholar
“How the Operation of Martyr Ghayur Asli Was Carried Out,” October 2, 2008, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/8706311053.Google Scholar
“Implementation of 300 Programs During Holy Defense Week,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630000656.Google Scholar
“Implementing 30 Holy Defense Week Special Programs in Damavand,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630001174.Google Scholar
“Implementing 50 Distinctive Programs During Holy Defense Week [in] Pardis,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630000986.Google Scholar
“The Imposed War Was the Basis of Our Holy Defense,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630001049.Google Scholar
“In the Case of Enemy Attack, We Pursue [the Enemy] to Our Borders, Punish, and Destroy [Him],” March 11, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/8912200233.Google Scholar
“Iran’s Distrust of America Persists,” December 12, 2013, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13920921000867.Google Scholar
“Lessons of Iran’s Resistance Against Saddam for Today,” August 8, 2012,www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13910517000675.Google Scholar
“Lurdigan Basiji Women’s Shooting Competitions Held,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900701000516.Google Scholar
“More Than 100 Holy Defense Programs Being Held in Baqershahr, Kahrizak, Fashafuyeh,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630000971.Google Scholar
“Political Independence and the Training of Managers Were Among the Most Important Achievements of the Holy Defense,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000045.Google Scholar
“Resistance to the Islamic Republic Has Led to America’s Decline,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630000519.Google Scholar
“Self-Reliance Was the Achievement of the Holy Defense,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000472.Google Scholar
“Sepah Commander’s Tears at the Funeral of Unknown Martyrs,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000344.Google Scholar
“Sepah’s Newest Anti-Ship and Supersonic Missiles on Display,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000043.Google Scholar
“The Unequal War Against Iran Humiliated Arrogance,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000461.Google Scholar
“The Value of Holy Defense Must Be Transferred to the Young Generation,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000310.Google Scholar
“The Way Out of Problems and the Dignity of the Islamic Revolution Is Possible with the Discourse of Resistance,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630001019.Google Scholar
“We Are Still in the Beginning of the Path of Holy Defense,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000476.Google Scholar
“The Will of the Imam Is the Charter of the Revolution,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900701000552.Google Scholar
“Army’s Ground Force Kicks Off Massive Military Drills in Central Iran,” May 24, 2017, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13960303000974.Google Scholar
“Basij Commander: Decisions in Geneva II Fruitless Without Iran’s Presence,” January 8, 2014, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13921018001136.Google Scholar
“Basij Commander: Iran’s Problem with US Not Related to Confidence-Building,” December 4, 2013, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13920913000880.Google Scholar
“Commander Stresses Dynamism in IRGC Strategies,” August 15, 2009, http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8805241281.Google Scholar
“DM: Iran Plans to Build More Powerful Surface-to-Surface Missile Systems,” April 8, 2014, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13930119001275.Google Scholar
“DM: Iran’s Defense Capacities Ten Folded,” October 25, 2016, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13950804000962.Google Scholar
“Iraqi DM Visits Exhibition on Iran’s Military Equipment, Missile Capabilities,” December 30, 2014, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13931009001466.Google Scholar
“IRGC Commander: US Unable to Resolve Regional Crises Without Iran,” January 11, 2014, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13921021001163.Google Scholar
“Senior Commander Downplays Enemy Plots Against Iran,” April 30, 2011, http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9002101259.Google Scholar
“Western Media Misreport Story to Inspire Public with Widening Rifts in Iran’s Political System,” December 24, 2013, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13921003001600.Google Scholar
“IBNA Interview with Mohsen Rashid About the First War Writers,” April 20, 2009, www.ibna.ir/fa/doc/tolidi/37946/.Google Scholar
“Journey to the Depths of War,” January 31, 2006, www.ibna.ir/vdcaiwn6.49nmo15kk4.html.Google Scholar
“Commander Vahidi: The Liberation of Khorramshahr Was a Great Cultural and Self-Affirming Victory,” May 24, 2011, http://irna.ir/NewsShow.aspx?NID=30399686.Google Scholar
“Constructive Interaction Between Iran and Turkey,” August 10, 2015, www.irna.ir/news/81714363/.Google Scholar
“Review of Rouhani’s Remarks in World Media: Iran Is the Best Defense Against Terror in the Middle East,” September 22, 2015, www.irna.ir/fa/News/81769710/.Google Scholar
“Commander Kazemeini: Geneva Talks Are in the Interest of the Iranian Nation,” November 24, 2013, www.isna.ir/news/92090302177/.Google Scholar
“A Memoir for Hadi Nakhai, Imposed War Narrator,” December 13, 2018,www.isna.ir/news/97092211104/.Google Scholar
“Commander Naini Becomes Head of the Sepah Holy Defense Research and Documentation Center,” October 3, 2018, mehrnews.com/xJSY.Google Scholar
“The Culture of Holy Defense Must Be Extended in the Political and Economic Wars,” November 3, 2018, mehrnews.com/xMPGM.Google Scholar
“Holding of Friendly Meeting with More Than 100 Holy Defense Researchers During Research Week,” December 9, 2019, mehrnews.com/xQLhS.Google Scholar
“If the Names and Memories of the Martyrs Are Not Cherished, the Enemy Becomes Dangerous,” September 25, 2019, mehrnews.com/xQcfT.Google Scholar
“Operation Karbala 4 Determined the Fate of the War,” January 7, 2019, mehrnews.com/xNjYc.Google Scholar
“Products of the Documentation Center Increase 100-Fold in the Second Step of the Revolution,” May 2, 2019, mehrnews.com/xP9tm.Google Scholar
“Imposed War Brought Sustainable Security to Iran: Ex-IRGC Chief,” September 26, 2009, en.mehrnews.com/news/36073/.Google Scholar
“Iran Should Be Prepared for Every Imaginable Scenario: General,” August 30, 2010, en.mehrnews.com/news/41629/.Google Scholar
“Commander Naini Becomes Head of the Sepah Holy Defense Research and Documentation Center,” October 3, 2017, https://tn.ai/1535450.Google Scholar
“The Issue-Oriented and Documented Approach to the Holy Defense,” May 13, 2013, https://tn.ai/55298.Google Scholar
“A Look at Naini’s Records,” August 2, 2014, https://tn.ai/448127.Google Scholar
“We Are Waiting for the West’s Real Commitment to Its Promises,” November 25, 2013, https://tn.ai/201725.Google Scholar
“Eight Deterrence Capabilities of the Islamic Republic of Iran,”Afkar News, October 11, 2014, www.afkarnews.com/fa/tiny/news-368327.Google Scholar
“The Commander Who Drove Saddam Back Behind Bostan with 40 People,” Tabnak, October 12, 2011, www.tabnak.ir/fa/print/196577.Google Scholar
Doroodian, Mohammad, Website, www.m-doroodian.ir/.Google Scholar
Doroodian, Mohammad, “Interview with Book News Agency,” May 14, 2014, www.m-doroodian.ir/post/133, www.m-doroodian.ir/post/135.Google Scholar
“Hadi Nakhai Passed Away,”Feydus, December 10, 2016, http://feydus.ir/fa/print/32782.Google Scholar
“Overview of the Research Activities of the Center for War Studies and Research,” Resource Center for Holy Defense Sciences and Education, May 26, 2010, http://dsrc.ir/view/articleFrame.aspx?ID=1001&PF=true.Google Scholar
“Salami: Egypt Is the Political Life Harbor of the Zionist Regime,” Mashregh News, February 1, 2011, mshrgh.ir/27572.Google Scholar
“The Victory of Lebanese Hezbollah in the 33-Day War Was the Fruit of the Blood Spilled in the Eight Years of Holy Defense, ” Rasa News, May 23, 2011, https://rasanews.ir/fa/print/105241.Google Scholar
“Which Countries Armed Saddam to the Teeth?,” Parsine, October 12, 2013, www.parsine.com/000e6J.Google Scholar
“Basij Makes Iran’s Enemies Quake in Their Boots,” Tehran Times, November 26, 2008, www.tehrantimes.com/news/183368/Basij-makes-Iran-s-enemies-quake-in-their-boots.Google Scholar
“Bush Trying to Foment Discord in Mideast: IRGC Commander,” Tehran Times, January 28, 2008, www.tehrantimes.com/news/162107/Bush-trying-to-foment-discord-in-Mideast-IRGC-commander.Google Scholar
“Historical Photos: 23 May 1981, Khorramshahr Liberation Day,” Photos by IRNA, Payvand, May 23, 2009, www.payvand.com/news/09/may/1248.html.Google Scholar
“IRGC Commander: Basij Forces Boost Iran’s Power of Deterrence,” Tasnim News, November 30, 2015, https://tn.ai/207033.Google Scholar
“IRGC Commander: Supreme Leader’s Words, Nation’s Guidelines,” IRNA, December 12, 2013, https://en.irna.ir/news/80947665/IRGC-Commander-Supreme-Leader-s-Words-Nation-s-Guidelines.Google Scholar
“Prevailing Global Situation Demands Readiness to Ward Off Threats: Substitute Commander,” Tehran Times, September 21, 2003, www.tehrantimes.com/news/104622/Prevailing-Global-Situation-Demands-R-eadiness-to-Ward-off-Threats.Google Scholar
Qahremanpour, Rahman, “Iran’s Deterrence Strategy,” Islamic Republic of Iran Diplomacy, August 25, 2010, www.irdiplomacy.ir/en/news/8481/iran-s-deterrence-strategy.Google Scholar
“Soft War vs. Holy Defense Values,” IBNA, March 4, 2011, www.ibna.ir/vdcgnw9y.ak97z4j5ra.html.Google Scholar
“Note from Mohammad Doroodian: Recalling the Founders of the Sepah Political Bureau,” May 31, 2014, www.defapress.ir/fa/print/20511.Google Scholar
“Visit of the Head of the Holy Defense Research and Documentation Center [with] the Holy Defense News Agency,” September 15, 2019, https://defapress.ir/fa/print/361789.Google Scholar
“America Does Not Have the Ability to Confront Our Defensive System,” January 8, 2014, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13921018000867.Google Scholar
“The Army Is the Impregnable Fortress of the Revolution and the Strong Arm of the Nation,” April 17, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/9001280173.Google Scholar
“Commander Jazayeri: Those Who Put Confidence in America Are Not Familiar with America or [Its] Policy,” September 24, 2013, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13920702000676.Google Scholar
“Commemorating the Holy Defense Adheres to the Values of the Revolution,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000440.Google Scholar
“The Culture of Holy Defense Must Be Put into Action,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000117.Google Scholar
“Establishment of Exhibition of Holy Defense Achievements in Sanandaj,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000373.Google Scholar
“Faith in God and the Leadership Is the Reason for Our Advantage in the Face of the Enemies’ Equipment,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630001213.Google Scholar
“Full Text of the Imam’s Letter on the Acceptance of Resolution 598,” July 20, 2007, www.farsnews.com/printable.php?nn=8604170080.Google Scholar
“Funeral of Two Anonymous Martyrs of the Holy Defense,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000137.Google Scholar
“Global Post: Sanctions or Military Attack Against Iran Are Useless,” April 3, 2012, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13910115000949.Google Scholar
“Holding of Parade of Armed Forces of Markazi Province in 12 Regions,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630000697.Google Scholar
“The Holy Defense Was a Major Test for the System,” September 24, 2011,www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000370.Google Scholar
“How the Operation of Martyr Ghayur Asli Was Carried Out,” October 2, 2008, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/8706311053.Google Scholar
“Implementation of 300 Programs During Holy Defense Week,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630000656.Google Scholar
“Implementing 30 Holy Defense Week Special Programs in Damavand,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630001174.Google Scholar
“Implementing 50 Distinctive Programs During Holy Defense Week [in] Pardis,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630000986.Google Scholar
“The Imposed War Was the Basis of Our Holy Defense,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630001049.Google Scholar
“In the Case of Enemy Attack, We Pursue [the Enemy] to Our Borders, Punish, and Destroy [Him],” March 11, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/8912200233.Google Scholar
“Iran’s Distrust of America Persists,” December 12, 2013, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13920921000867.Google Scholar
“Lessons of Iran’s Resistance Against Saddam for Today,” August 8, 2012,www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13910517000675.Google Scholar
“Lurdigan Basiji Women’s Shooting Competitions Held,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900701000516.Google Scholar
“More Than 100 Holy Defense Programs Being Held in Baqershahr, Kahrizak, Fashafuyeh,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630000971.Google Scholar
“Political Independence and the Training of Managers Were Among the Most Important Achievements of the Holy Defense,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000045.Google Scholar
“Resistance to the Islamic Republic Has Led to America’s Decline,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630000519.Google Scholar
“Self-Reliance Was the Achievement of the Holy Defense,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000472.Google Scholar
“Sepah Commander’s Tears at the Funeral of Unknown Martyrs,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000344.Google Scholar
“Sepah’s Newest Anti-Ship and Supersonic Missiles on Display,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000043.Google Scholar
“The Unequal War Against Iran Humiliated Arrogance,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000461.Google Scholar
“The Value of Holy Defense Must Be Transferred to the Young Generation,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000310.Google Scholar
“The Way Out of Problems and the Dignity of the Islamic Revolution Is Possible with the Discourse of Resistance,” September 21, 2019, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13980630001019.Google Scholar
“We Are Still in the Beginning of the Path of Holy Defense,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900702000476.Google Scholar
“The Will of the Imam Is the Charter of the Revolution,” September 24, 2011, www.farsnews.ir/printnews/13900701000552.Google Scholar
“Army’s Ground Force Kicks Off Massive Military Drills in Central Iran,” May 24, 2017, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13960303000974.Google Scholar
“Basij Commander: Decisions in Geneva II Fruitless Without Iran’s Presence,” January 8, 2014, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13921018001136.Google Scholar
“Basij Commander: Iran’s Problem with US Not Related to Confidence-Building,” December 4, 2013, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13920913000880.Google Scholar
“Commander Stresses Dynamism in IRGC Strategies,” August 15, 2009, http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8805241281.Google Scholar
“DM: Iran Plans to Build More Powerful Surface-to-Surface Missile Systems,” April 8, 2014, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13930119001275.Google Scholar
“DM: Iran’s Defense Capacities Ten Folded,” October 25, 2016, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13950804000962.Google Scholar
“Iraqi DM Visits Exhibition on Iran’s Military Equipment, Missile Capabilities,” December 30, 2014, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13931009001466.Google Scholar
“IRGC Commander: US Unable to Resolve Regional Crises Without Iran,” January 11, 2014, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13921021001163.Google Scholar
“Senior Commander Downplays Enemy Plots Against Iran,” April 30, 2011, http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9002101259.Google Scholar
“Western Media Misreport Story to Inspire Public with Widening Rifts in Iran’s Political System,” December 24, 2013, https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13921003001600.Google Scholar
“IBNA Interview with Mohsen Rashid About the First War Writers,” April 20, 2009, www.ibna.ir/fa/doc/tolidi/37946/.Google Scholar
“Journey to the Depths of War,” January 31, 2006, www.ibna.ir/vdcaiwn6.49nmo15kk4.html.Google Scholar
“Commander Vahidi: The Liberation of Khorramshahr Was a Great Cultural and Self-Affirming Victory,” May 24, 2011, http://irna.ir/NewsShow.aspx?NID=30399686.Google Scholar
“Constructive Interaction Between Iran and Turkey,” August 10, 2015, www.irna.ir/news/81714363/.Google Scholar
“Review of Rouhani’s Remarks in World Media: Iran Is the Best Defense Against Terror in the Middle East,” September 22, 2015, www.irna.ir/fa/News/81769710/.Google Scholar
“Commander Kazemeini: Geneva Talks Are in the Interest of the Iranian Nation,” November 24, 2013, www.isna.ir/news/92090302177/.Google Scholar
“A Memoir for Hadi Nakhai, Imposed War Narrator,” December 13, 2018,www.isna.ir/news/97092211104/.Google Scholar
“Commander Naini Becomes Head of the Sepah Holy Defense Research and Documentation Center,” October 3, 2018, mehrnews.com/xJSY.Google Scholar
“The Culture of Holy Defense Must Be Extended in the Political and Economic Wars,” November 3, 2018, mehrnews.com/xMPGM.Google Scholar
“Holding of Friendly Meeting with More Than 100 Holy Defense Researchers During Research Week,” December 9, 2019, mehrnews.com/xQLhS.Google Scholar
“If the Names and Memories of the Martyrs Are Not Cherished, the Enemy Becomes Dangerous,” September 25, 2019, mehrnews.com/xQcfT.Google Scholar
“Operation Karbala 4 Determined the Fate of the War,” January 7, 2019, mehrnews.com/xNjYc.Google Scholar
“Products of the Documentation Center Increase 100-Fold in the Second Step of the Revolution,” May 2, 2019, mehrnews.com/xP9tm.Google Scholar
“Imposed War Brought Sustainable Security to Iran: Ex-IRGC Chief,” September 26, 2009, en.mehrnews.com/news/36073/.Google Scholar
“Iran Should Be Prepared for Every Imaginable Scenario: General,” August 30, 2010, en.mehrnews.com/news/41629/.Google Scholar
“Commander Naini Becomes Head of the Sepah Holy Defense Research and Documentation Center,” October 3, 2017, https://tn.ai/1535450.Google Scholar
“The Issue-Oriented and Documented Approach to the Holy Defense,” May 13, 2013, https://tn.ai/55298.Google Scholar
“A Look at Naini’s Records,” August 2, 2014, https://tn.ai/448127.Google Scholar
“We Are Waiting for the West’s Real Commitment to Its Promises,” November 25, 2013, https://tn.ai/201725.Google Scholar
“Eight Deterrence Capabilities of the Islamic Republic of Iran,”Afkar News, October 11, 2014, www.afkarnews.com/fa/tiny/news-368327.Google Scholar
“The Commander Who Drove Saddam Back Behind Bostan with 40 People,” Tabnak, October 12, 2011, www.tabnak.ir/fa/print/196577.Google Scholar
Doroodian, Mohammad, Website, www.m-doroodian.ir/.Google Scholar
Doroodian, Mohammad, “Interview with Book News Agency,” May 14, 2014, www.m-doroodian.ir/post/133, www.m-doroodian.ir/post/135.Google Scholar
“Hadi Nakhai Passed Away,”Feydus, December 10, 2016, http://feydus.ir/fa/print/32782.Google Scholar
“Overview of the Research Activities of the Center for War Studies and Research,” Resource Center for Holy Defense Sciences and Education, May 26, 2010, http://dsrc.ir/view/articleFrame.aspx?ID=1001&PF=true.Google Scholar
“Salami: Egypt Is the Political Life Harbor of the Zionist Regime,” Mashregh News, February 1, 2011, mshrgh.ir/27572.Google Scholar
“The Victory of Lebanese Hezbollah in the 33-Day War Was the Fruit of the Blood Spilled in the Eight Years of Holy Defense, ” Rasa News, May 23, 2011, https://rasanews.ir/fa/print/105241.Google Scholar
“Which Countries Armed Saddam to the Teeth?,” Parsine, October 12, 2013, www.parsine.com/000e6J.Google Scholar
“Basij Makes Iran’s Enemies Quake in Their Boots,” Tehran Times, November 26, 2008, www.tehrantimes.com/news/183368/Basij-makes-Iran-s-enemies-quake-in-their-boots.Google Scholar
“Bush Trying to Foment Discord in Mideast: IRGC Commander,” Tehran Times, January 28, 2008, www.tehrantimes.com/news/162107/Bush-trying-to-foment-discord-in-Mideast-IRGC-commander.Google Scholar
“Historical Photos: 23 May 1981, Khorramshahr Liberation Day,” Photos by IRNA, Payvand, May 23, 2009, www.payvand.com/news/09/may/1248.html.Google Scholar
“IRGC Commander: Basij Forces Boost Iran’s Power of Deterrence,” Tasnim News, November 30, 2015, https://tn.ai/207033.Google Scholar
“IRGC Commander: Supreme Leader’s Words, Nation’s Guidelines,” IRNA, December 12, 2013, https://en.irna.ir/news/80947665/IRGC-Commander-Supreme-Leader-s-Words-Nation-s-Guidelines.Google Scholar
“Prevailing Global Situation Demands Readiness to Ward Off Threats: Substitute Commander,” Tehran Times, September 21, 2003, www.tehrantimes.com/news/104622/Prevailing-Global-Situation-Demands-R-eadiness-to-Ward-off-Threats.Google Scholar
Qahremanpour, Rahman, “Iran’s Deterrence Strategy,” Islamic Republic of Iran Diplomacy, August 25, 2010, www.irdiplomacy.ir/en/news/8481/iran-s-deterrence-strategy.Google Scholar
“Soft War vs. Holy Defense Values,” IBNA, March 4, 2011, www.ibna.ir/vdcgnw9y.ak97z4j5ra.html.Google Scholar
Eftekhari, Asghar and Janipoor, Mohammad, “The Bases of the Soft Power of Iran’s Islamic Revolution,” Islamic Revolution Research Journal 3.9 (2014), https://rjir.basu.ac.ir/article_674.html.Google Scholar
Golshan, Alireza and Baqeri, Mohsen, “The Place of Lebanese Hezbollah in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Deterrence Strategy,” Journal of Political and International Research 4.11 (2012), www.sid.ir/Fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=193884.Google Scholar
Harsij, Hossein, Touyserkani, Mojtaba, and Jafari, Leila, “Iran’s Soft Power Geopolitics,” Political Science Research Journal 4.2 (2009), www.ipsajournal.ir/article_91_353b96bfff668efd00dd68fd25cd2663.pdf.Google Scholar
Hejazi, Sayyid Hossein, “The Soft Power Capabilities of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Confronting America’s Soft Threats,” Report of the Republic, 2008.Google Scholar
Ketabi, Mahmood and Rastineh, Ahmad, “The Doctrine of Constructive Interaction in Iran’s Foreign Policy and the New Geopolitics of Iraq,” Journal of International Political Research 1.3 (2009), www.magiran.com/volume/57422.Google Scholar
Ketabi, Mahmoud, Enayatollah Yazdani, and Masoud Rezaei, “Soft Power and America’s Hegemonic Strategy,”Political Knowledge 8.16 (2012),http://pkn.journals.isu.ac.ir/article_1332.html.Google Scholar
Vaezi, Mahmoud, “Iran in the New Balance of Power in the Middle East,” Expediency Council Center for Strategic Research, July 7, 2007, www.isrjournals.com/en/experts/660-archive-special-articles-farsi-79.html.Google Scholar
Vaezi, Mahmoud, “The Strategy of Constructive Interaction and the Requirements of Development-Oriented Foreign Policy,” Expediency Council Center for Strategic Research, June 7, 2008, www.isrjournals.com/fa/special-articles/636-archive-special-articles-farsi-56.html.Google Scholar
Abdulghani, Jasim M., Iraq and Iran: The Years of Crisis (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Abedin, Mahan, “Iran’s Revolutionary Guards: Ideological but Not Praetorian,” Strategic Analysis 35.3 (2011).Google Scholar
Abrahamian, Ervand, Iran Between Two Revolutions (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982).Google Scholar
Adelman, Jonathan, Revolution, Armies, and War: A Political History(Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1985).Google Scholar
Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin, “Inventions of the Iran–Iraq War,” Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies 16.1 (2007).Google Scholar
Ahmadi, Kourosh, Islands and International Politics in the Persian Gulf: Abu Musa and the Tunbs in Strategic Perspective (Milton Park: Routledge, 2008).Google Scholar
Al-i Ahmad, Jalal, Occidentosis: A Plague from the West, trans. R. Campbell (Berkeley: Mizan Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Alemzadeh, Maryam, “The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps in the Iran–Iraq War: An Unconventional Military’s Survival,” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 46.4 (2019).Google Scholar
Alfoneh, Ali, “All the Guard’s Men,” World Affairs 173.3 (2010).Google Scholar
Alfoneh, Ali, Iran Unveiled: How the Revolutionary Guards Is Turning Theocracy into Military Dictatorship (Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Alfoneh, Ali, “Review of The Twilight War: The Secret History of America’s Thirty-Years Conflict with Iran by David Crist,” Middle East Quarterly 20.3 (2013).Google Scholar
Alfoneh, Ali, “The Revolutionary Guards’ Role in Iranian Politics,” Middle East Quarterly 15.4 (Fall 2008).Google Scholar
Ali, Javed, “Chemical Weapons and the Iran–Iraq War: A Case Study in Noncompliance,” The Nonproliferation Review 8.1 (Spring 2001).Google Scholar
Amirahmadi, Hooshang and Parvin, Manoucher, eds., Post-Revolutionary Iran (Boulder: Westview Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Arjomand, Said Amir, The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Asgharzadeh, Alireza, Iran and the Challenge of Diversity (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).Google Scholar
Ashton, Nigel and Gibson, Bryan, eds., The Iran–Iraq War: New International Perspectives (London: Routledge, 2013).Google Scholar
Bajoghli, Narges, Iran Reframed: Anxieties of Power in the Islamic Republic(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2019).Google Scholar
Bakhash, Shaul, “Center–Periphery Relations in Nineteenth‐Century Iran,” Iranian Studies 14.1–2 (1981).Google Scholar
Bakhash, Shaul, The Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution (New York: Basic Books, 1990).Google Scholar
Banuazizi, Ali and Weiner, Myron, eds., The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1986).Google Scholar
Batatu, Hanna, The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978).Google Scholar
Beck, Lois, “Tribes and the State in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Iran,” in Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, eds. Khoury, Philip S and Kostiner, Joseph (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990).Google Scholar
Blight, James G., et al., Becoming Enemies: U.S.–Iran Relations and the Iran–Iraq War, 1979–1988 (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012).Google Scholar
Bolourchi, Neda, “The Sacred Defense: Sacrifice and Nationalism Across Minority Communities in Post-Revolutionary Iran,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 86.3 (2018).Google Scholar
Boroujerdi, Mehrzad, “Contesting Nationalist Constructions of Iranian Identity,” Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies 7.12 (1998).Google Scholar
Boroujerdi, Mehrzad and Rahimkhani, Kourosh, Postrevolutionary Iran: A Political Handbook (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Brands, Hal and Palkki, David, “‘Conspiring Bastards’: Saddam Hussein’s Strategic View of the United States,” Diplomatic History 36.3 (2012).Google Scholar
Brown, Ian, Khomeini’s Forgotten Sons: The Story of Iran’s Boy Soldiers(London: Grey Seal, 1990).Google Scholar
Bulloch, John and Morris, Harvey, The Gulf War: Its Origins, History and Consequences (London: Methuen, 1989).Google Scholar
Centeno, Miguel Angel, “Limited War and Limited States,” in Irregular Armed Forces and Their Role in Politics and State Formation, eds. Davis, Diane E. and Pereira, Anthony W. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).Google Scholar
“Chapter Seven: Middle East and North Africa,” in The Military Balance (London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2017).Google Scholar
Chorley, Katharine, Armies and the Art of Revolution (Boston: Beacon Press, 1973).Google Scholar
Chubin, Shahram, “Iran and the War: From Stalemate to Ceasefire,” in The Iran–Iraq War: Impact and Implications, ed. Karsh, Efraim (Houndmills: Macmillan, 1989).Google Scholar
Chubin, Shahram, Iran’s National Security Policy: Intentions, Capabilities & Impact (Washington: The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1994).Google Scholar
Chubin, Shahram, “The Last Phase of the Iran–Iraq War: From Stalemate to Ceasefire,” Third World Quarterly 11.2 (1989).Google Scholar
Chubin, Shahram and Tripp, Charles, Iran and Iraq at War (London: I.B. Tauris, 1988).Google Scholar
Chubin, Shahram and Zabih, Sepehr, The Foreign Relations of Iran: A Developing State in a Zone of Great-Power Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974).Google Scholar
Von Clausewitz, Carl, On War, trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Cole, Juan R. and Keddie, Nikki R., eds., Shi‘ism and Social Protest (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986).Google Scholar
Coles, Isabel and George, Marcus, “Iran Commander Criticizes Government over Influence from West,” Reuters, December 11, 2013, www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-military/iran-commander-criticizes-government-over-influence-from-west-idUSBRE9BA0CI20131211.Google Scholar
Confino, Alon, “Collective Memory and Cultural History: Problems of Method,” The American Historical Review 102.5 (1997).Google Scholar
Cordesman, Anthony, The Lessons of Modern War, Vol. II: The Iran–Iraq War (Boulder: Westview Press, 1991).Google Scholar
The Correlates of War, “Inter-State War Data,” www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/COW-war.Google Scholar
Crist, David, The Twilight War: The Secret History of America’s Thirty-Year Conflict with Iran (New York: Penguin, 2012).Google Scholar
Cronin, Stephanie, “Riza Shah and the Disintegration of Bakhtiyari Power in Iran, 1921–1934,” Iranian Studies 33.3–4 (2000).Google Scholar
Dabashi, Hamid, Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran (New York: New York University Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Davis, Diane E., “Contemporary Challenges and Historical Reflections on the Study of Militaries, States, and Politics,” in Irregular Armed Forces and Their Role in Politics and State Formation, eds. Davis, Diane E. and Pereira, Anthony W. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).Google Scholar
Davis, Eric, “The Uses of Historical Memory,” Journal of Democracy 16.3 (2005).Google Scholar
Deeb, Marius, “Shi‘a Movements in Lebanon: Their Formation, Ideology, Social Basis, and Links with Iran and Syria,” Third World Quarterly 10.2 (1988).Google Scholar
Dekker, Ige F. and Post, Harry H. G., eds., The Gulf War of 1980–1988: The Iran–Iraq War in International Legal Perspective (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1992).Google Scholar
Donovan, Jerome, The Iran–Iraq War: Antecedents and Conflict Escalation (London: Routledge, 2011).Google Scholar
Donovan, Jerome, et al., “Strategic Interaction and the Iran–Iraq War: Lessons to Learn for Future Engagement?,” Digest of Middle East Studies 24.2 (2015).Google Scholar
Ehsani, Kaveh, “War and Resentment: Critical Reflections on the Legacies of the Iran–Iraq War,” Middle East Critique 26.1 (2017).Google Scholar
Ellis, John, Armies in Revolution (London: Croom Helm, 1973).Google Scholar
Entessar, Nader, Kurdish Ethnonationalism (Boulder: Lynn Rienner, 1992).Google Scholar
Entessar, Nader, “The Kurdish Mosaic of Discord,” Third World Quarterly 11.4 (1989).Google Scholar
Entessar, Nader, “The Kurds in Post‐Revolutionary Iran and Iraq,” Third World Quarterly 6.4 (1984).Google Scholar
Entessar, Nader, “The Military and Politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran,” in Post-Revolutionary Iran, eds. Amirahmadi, Hooshang and Parvin, Manoucher (Boulder: Westview Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Farhi, Farideh, “The Antinomies of Iran’s War Generation,” in Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War, eds. Potter, Lawrence and Sick, Gary (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).Google Scholar
Farhi, Farideh, “Crafting a National Identity Amidst Contentious Politics in Contemporary Iran,” Iranian Studies 38.1 (2005).Google Scholar
Farrokh, Kaveh, Iran at War: 1500-1988 (London: Bloomsbury, 2011).Google Scholar
Farzaneh, Mateo Mohammad, “Shi‘i Ideology, Iranian Secular Nationalism and the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988),” Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 7.1 (2007).Google Scholar
Ferretti, Matthew J., “The Iran–Iraq War: United Nations Resolution of Armed Conflict,” Villanova Law Review 35.1 (1990).Google Scholar
Forozan, Hesam, The Military in Post-Revolutionary Iran: The Evolution and Roles of the Revolutionary Guards (London: Routledge, 2016).Google Scholar
Forozan, Hesam and Shahi, Afshin, “The Military and the State in Iran: The Economic Rise of the Revolutionary Guards,” The Middle East Journal 71.1 (2017).Google Scholar
Frick, Matthew M., “Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps: An Open Source Analysis,” Joint Force Quarterly 49 (2008).Google Scholar
Gallie, W. B., Philosophers of Peace and War: Kant, Clausewitz, Marx, Engels and Tolstoy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979).Google Scholar
Gause, F. Gregory III, “Iraq’s Decisions to Go to War, 1980 and 1990,” The Middle East Journal 56.1 (2002).Google Scholar
Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1993).Google Scholar
Ghamari-Tabrizi, Behrooz, “Memory, Mourning, Memorializing: On the Victims of the Iran–Iraq War, 1980–Present,” Radical History Review 105 (2009).Google Scholar
Gibson, Bryan R., Covert Relationship: American Foreign Policy, Intelligence, and the Iran–Iraq War, 1980–1988 (New York: Praeger, 2010).Google Scholar
Gieling, Saskia, Religion and War in Revolutionary Iran (London: I.B. Tauris, 1999).Google Scholar
Golkar, Saeid, “By Mobilizing to Fight Coronavirus, the IRGC Is Marginalizing the Government,” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 8, 2020, www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/by-mobilizing-to-fight-coronavirus-the-irgc-is-marginalizing-the-government.Google Scholar
Golkar, Saeid, Captive Society: The Basij Militia and Social Control in Iran (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Hamzeh, A. Nizar, “Lebanon’s Hizbullah: From Islamic Revolution to Parliamentary Accommodation,” Third World Quarterly 14.2 (1993).Google Scholar
Harris, Kevan, “All the Sepah’s Men: Iran’s Revolutionary Guards in Theory and Practice,” in Businessmen in Arms: How the Military and Other Armed Groups Profit in the MENA Region, eds. Grawert, Elke and Abul-Magd, Zeinab (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016).Google Scholar
Harris, Kevan, A Social Revolution: Politics and the Welfare State in Iran (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Helfgott, Leonard M., “The Structural Foundations of the National Minority Problem in Revolutionary Iran,” Iranian Studies 13.1–4 (1980).Google Scholar
Hen-Tov, Elliot and Gonzalez, Nathan, “The Militarization of Post-Khomeini Iran: Praetorianism 2.0,” Washington Quarterly 34.1 (2010–11).Google Scholar
Hickman, William F., “How the Iranian Military Expelled the Iraqis,” Brookings Review 1.3 (1983).Google Scholar
Hiltermann, Joost R., A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq, and the Gassing of Halabja (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Hiro, Dilip, The Longest War: The Iran–Iraq Military Conflict (London: Grafton, 1989).Google Scholar
Hunter, Shireen T., “Iran and the Spread of Revolutionary Islam,” Third World Quarterly 10.2 (1988).Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968).Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel, Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957).Google Scholar
“Iran’s Chemical and Biological Programmes,” in Iran’s Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Capabilities (London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2011).Google Scholar
Jaber, Hala, Hezbollah: Born with a Vengeance (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Janowitz, Morris, The Military in the Political Development of New Nations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964).Google Scholar
Johnson, Robert, The Iran–Iraq War (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).Google Scholar
Kansteiner, Wulf, “Finding Meaning in Memory: A Methodological Critique of Collective Memory Studies,” History and Theory 41.2 (2002).Google Scholar
Karsh, Efraim, “Geopolitical Determinism: The Origins of the Iran–Iraq War,” Middle Journal 44.2 (1980).Google Scholar
Karsh, Efraim, “Introduction,” in The Iran–Iraq War: Impact and Implications, ed. Karsh, Efraim (Houndmills: Macmillan, 1989).Google Scholar
Karsh, Efraim, The Iran–Iraq War (Oxford: Osprey, 2002).Google Scholar
Karsh, Efraim, “Military Power and Foreign Policy Goals: The Iran–Iraq War Revisited,” International Affairs 64.1 (1987–88).Google Scholar
Katzman, Kenneth, The Warriors of Islam: Iran’s Revolutionary Guard (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Keddie, Nikki R., Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003).Google Scholar
Khakpour, Arta, Khorrami, Mohammad Mehdi, and Vatanabadi, Shouleh, eds., Moments of Silence: Authenticity in the Cultural Expressions of the Iran–Iraq War, 1980–1988 (New York: New York University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Khosronejad, Pedram, ed., Unburied Memories: The Politics of Bodies of Sacred Defense Martyrs in Iran (New York: Routledge, 2013).Google Scholar
Khosronejad, Pedram, War in Iranian Cinema: Religion, Martyrdom and National Identity (London: I.B. Tauris, 2012).Google Scholar
Kornbluh, Peter and Byrne, Malcolm, eds., The Iran–Contra Scandal: The Declassified History (New York: The New Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Lauria, Joe, “Iran Left Off Invite List for Syria Peace Talks,” The Wall Street Journal, January 6, 2014, www.wsj.com/articles/no-headline-available-1389041917?tesla=y#printMode.Google Scholar
Lob, Eric, Iran’s Reconstruction Jihad: Rural Development and Regime Consolidation After 1979 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020).Google Scholar
Marinova, Nadejda K., Ask What You Can Do for Your (New) Country: How Host States Use Diasporas (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Martin, Vanessa, Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini and the Making of a New Iran (London: I.B. Tauris, 2003).Google Scholar
McNaugher, Thomas L., “Ballistic Missiles and Chemical Weapons: The Legacy of the Iran–Iraq War,” International Security 15.2 (1990).Google Scholar
Mearsheimer, John J., The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: W. W. Norton, 2001).Google Scholar
Mehr, Farhang, A Colonial Legacy: The Dispute Over the Islands of Abu Musa, and the Greater and Lesser Tumbs (Lanham: University Press of America, 1997).Google Scholar
Menashri, David, “Iran’s Revolutionary Politics: Nationalism and Islamic Identity,” in Ethnic Conflict and International Politics in the Middle East, ed. Binder, Leonard (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Milani, Mohsen, The Making of Iran’s Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic, 2nd ed. (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Mohamedi, Fareed, “The Oil and Gas Industry,” The Iran Primer (United States Institute of Peace, 2010), https://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/oil-and-gas-industry.Google Scholar
Morgenthau, Hans J., Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1948).Google Scholar
Moslem, Mehdi, Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Murray, Williamson and Woods, Kevin M., The Iran–Iraq War: A Military and Strategic History (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Nader, Alireza, “The Revolutionary Guards,” The Iran Primer (United States Institute of Peace, 2010), https://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/revolutionary-guards.Google Scholar
Nakash, Yitzhak, The Shi‘is of Iraq (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Natali, Denise, The Kurds and the State: Evolving National Identity in Iraq, Turkey, and Iran (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Noori, Neema, “Rethinking the Legacies of the Iran–Iraq War: Veterans, the Basij, and Social Resistance in Iran,” in Political and Military Sociology,Annual Review 40, eds. Karakatsanis, Neovi M. and Swarts, Jonathan (New York: Routledge, 2013).Google Scholar
O’Ballance, Edgar, The Gulf War (London: Brassey’s Defence, 1988).Google Scholar
O’Hern, Steven, Iran’s Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps (Dulles: Potomac Books, 2012).Google Scholar
Ostovar, Afshon, Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran’s Revolutionary Guards (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Ottolenghi, Emanuele, The Pasdaran: Inside Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Washington: Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, 2011).Google Scholar
The Peace Research Institute Oslo, “Battle Deaths Dataset,” www.prio.no/Data/Armed-Conflict/Battle-Deaths/.Google Scholar
Pelletiere, Stephen C., The Iran–Iraq War: Chaos in a Vacuum (New York: Praeger, 1992).Google Scholar
Pelletiere, Stephen C. and Johnson II, Douglas V., Lessons Learned: The Iran–Iraq War (Carlisle Barracks: Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 1991).Google Scholar
Pereira, Anthony W., “Conclusion: Armed Forces, Coercive Monopolies, and Changing Patterns of State Formation and Violence,” in Irregular Armed Forces and Their Role in Politics and State Formation, eds. Davis, Diane E. and Pereira, Anthony W. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).Google Scholar
Potter, Lawrence and Sick, Gary, eds., Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).Google Scholar
Rajaee, Farhang, ed., Iranian Perspectives on the Iran–Iraq War (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Ramazani, Rouhollah K., Iran’s Foreign Policy, 1941–1973: A Study of Foreign Policy in Modernizing Nations (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1975).Google Scholar
Ramazani, Rouhollah K., Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986).Google Scholar
Razi, G. Hossein, “An Alternative Paradigm to State Rationality in Foreign Policy: The Iran–Iraq War,” The Western Political Quarterly 41.4 (1988).Google Scholar
Razoux, Peirre, The Iran–Iraq War, trans. Nicholas Elliott (Cambridge: Belknap Press/Harvard University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Rezaei, Farhad and Moshirabad, Somayeh Khodaei, “The Revolutionary Guards: From Spoiler to Accepter of the Nuclear Agreement,” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 45.2 (2018).Google Scholar
Riedel, Bruce, “How the Iran–Iraq War Shaped the Trajectories of Figures Like Qassem Soleimani,” Brookings, January 9, 2020, www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/09/how-the-iran-iraq-war-shaped-the-trajectories-of-figures-like-qassem-soleimani/.Google Scholar
Rizvi, M. Mahtab Alam, “Evaluating the Political and Economic Role of the IRGC,” Strategic Analysis 36.4 (2012).Google Scholar
Roberts, Mark J., Khomeini’s Incorporation of the Iranian Military, McNair Paper 48 (Washington: Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, 1996).Google Scholar
Rolston, Bill, “When Everywhere Is Karbala: Murals, Martyrdom and Propaganda in Iran,” Memory Studies 13.1 (2020).Google Scholar
Safshekan, Roozbeh and Sabet, Farzan, “The Ayatollah’s Praetorians: The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the 2009 Election Crisis,” Middle East Journal 64.4 (2010).Google Scholar
Saleh, Alam, Ethnic Identity and the State in Iran (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).Google Scholar
Salzman, Philip C., “National Integration of the Tribes in Modern Iran,” Middle East Journal 25.3 (1971).Google Scholar
Schahgaldian, Nikola, The Iranian Military Under the Islamic Republic (Santa Monica: RAND, 1987).Google Scholar
Schofield, Richard N., “Evolution of the Shatt al-‘Arab Boundary Dispute,” Menas Studies in Continuity & Change in the Middle East and North Africa (Cambridgeshire: Middle East & North African Studies, 1986).Google Scholar
Shanahan, Rodger, “Shi‘a Political Development in Iraq: The Case of the Islamic Da‘wa Party,” Third World Quarterly 25.5 (2004).Google Scholar
Sharafedin, Bozorgmehr, “Defying Trump, Iran Says Will Boost Missile Capabilities,” Reuters, September 22, 2017, www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-military-usa/defying-trump-iran-says-will-boost-missile-capabilities-idUSKCN1BX0J7.Google Scholar
Sinkaya, Bayram, Revolutionary Guards in Iranian Politics: Elites and Shifting Relations (London: Routledge, 2016).Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda, “Social Revolutions and Mass Military Mobilization,” World Politics 40.2 (1988).Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda, States and Social Revolutions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979).Google Scholar
Snyder, Jack L., The Soviet Strategic Culture: Implications for Limited Nuclear Operations (Santa Monica: RAND, 1977).Google Scholar
Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI),” National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, University of Maryland (June 2015), www.start.umd.edu/baad/narratives/supreme-council-islamic-revolution-iraq-sciri.Google Scholar
Tabaar, Mohammad Ayatollahi, “Factional Politics in the Iran–Iraq War,” Journal of Strategic Studies 42.3–4 (2019).Google Scholar
Tabatabai, Ariane M. and Tracy Samuel, Annie, “What the Iran–Iraq War Tells Us About the Future of the Iran Nuclear Deal,” International Security 42.1 (2017).Google Scholar
Tahir-Kheli, Shirin and Ayubi, Shaheen, eds., The Iran–Iraq War: New Weapons, Old Conflicts (New York: Praeger, 1983).Google Scholar
Takeyh, Ray, Guardians of the Revolution: Iran and the World in the Age of the Ayatollahs (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Takeyh, Ray, “The Iran–Iraq War: A Reassessment,” The Middle East Journal 64.3 (2010).Google Scholar
Taliaferro, Jeffrey W., “Security Seeking Under Anarchy: Defensive Realism Revisited,” International Security 25.3 (2000–01).Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles, “Reflections on the History of European State-Making,” in The Formation of National States in Western Europe, ed. Tilly, Charles (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975).Google Scholar
Tracy Samuel, Annie, “Beyond Strategic Stability: Deterrence, Regional Balance, and Iranian National Security,” in The End of Strategic Stability?: Nuclear Weapons and the Challenge of Regional Rivalries, eds. Rubin, Lawrence and Stulberg, Adam N. (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Tracy Samuel, Annie, “Correcting Misunderstandings of the IRGC’s Position on Nuclear Negotiations,” Iran Matters, February 18, 2014, www.belfercenter.org/publication/correcting-misunderstandings-irgcs-position-nuclear-negotiations.Google Scholar
Tracy Samuel, Annie, “Guarding the Nation: The Iranian Revolutionary Guards, Nationalism and the Iran–Iraq War,” in Constructing Nationalism in Iran: From the Qajars to the Islamic Republic, ed. Litvak, Meir (London: Routledge, 2017).Google Scholar
Tracy Samuel, Annie, “Perceptions and Narratives of Security: The Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps and the Iran–Iraq War,” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, May 2012, www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/samuel_perceptions.pdf.Google Scholar
Tracy Samuel, Annie, “Revolutionary Guard Is Cautiously Open to Nuclear Deal,” Iran Matters, December 20, 2013, www.belfercenter.org/publication/revolutionary-guard-cautiously-open-nuclear-deal-1 .Google Scholar
Tracy Samuel, Annie, “Viewpoint Iran: The Past and Present of the U.S.–Iran Standoff,” Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective 7.1 (2013).Google Scholar
Uskowi, Nader, Temperature Rising: Iran’s Revolutionary Guards and Wars in the Middle East (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019).Google Scholar
Vahabzadeh, Peyman, “Secularism and the Iranian Militant Left: Political Misconception or Cultural Issues?,” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 31.1 (2011).Google Scholar
Vali, Abbas, Kurds and the State in Iran: The Making of Kurdish Identity (London: I.B. Tauris, 2011).Google Scholar
Varzi, Roxanne, Warring Souls: Youth, Media, and Martyrdom in Post-Revolution Iran (Durham: Duke University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Vazeri, Haleh, “Iran’s Involvement in Lebanon: Polarization and Radicalization of Militant Islamic Movements,” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 16.2 (1992).Google Scholar
Walt, Stephen M., The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987).Google Scholar
Waltz, Kenneth N., Theory of International Politics (Long Grove: Waveland Press, 1979).Google Scholar
Ward, Steven R., Immortal: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Weber, Max, “Politics as a Vocation” (1918), in From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, trans. and eds. Gerth, H. H. and Wright Mills, C. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946).Google Scholar
Wehrey, Frederic, et al., The Rise of the Pasdaran: Assessing the Domestic Roles of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (Santa Monica: RAND, 2009).Google Scholar
Winter, Jay and Sivan, Emmanuel, eds., War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Woods, Kevin M., et al., Saddam’s War: An Iraqi Military Perspective on the Iran–Iraq War (Washington: Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, 2009).Google Scholar
WoodsKevin M., Palkki, David D., and Stout, Mark E., The Saddam Tapes: The Inner Workings of a Tyrant’s Regime, 1978–2001 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Zabih, Sepehr, The Iranian Military in Revolution and War (London: Routledge, 1988).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Annie Tracy Samuel, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga
  • Book: The Unfinished History of the Iran-Iraq War
  • Online publication: 08 October 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108777674.016
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Annie Tracy Samuel, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga
  • Book: The Unfinished History of the Iran-Iraq War
  • Online publication: 08 October 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108777674.016
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Annie Tracy Samuel, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga
  • Book: The Unfinished History of the Iran-Iraq War
  • Online publication: 08 October 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108777674.016
Available formats
×