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19 - Structural imaging of other anxiety disorders

from Section III - Anxiety Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2011

By
José Alexandre de Souza Crippa  and
Geraldo F. Busatto
Edited by
Martha E. Shenton  and
Bruce I. Turetsky
José Alexandre de Souza Crippa
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Geraldo F. Busatto
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry University of São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Martha E. Shenton
Affiliation:
VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Bruce I. Turetsky
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

Introduction

Compared to the other psychiatric conditions, the diagnostic classification of anxiety disorders was developed relatively late within the history of mental health. This is mainly due to the fact that the various disorders currently referred to as anxious were not even recognized as belonging to the same entity. Until recently, this group of conditions was still thought to be of a purely psychological nature. However, current studies have raised new hypotheses linking biological components to the etiology and to specific symptoms of these disorders.

Besides animal research, earlier post-mortem studies and clinical observations, the research area that has contributed most significantly to bringing new insights into the commonalities and differences among the anxiety disorders and their respective neural circuitries is neuroimaging. Neuroimaging techniques permit the in-vivo evaluation of the human brain, allowing a better understanding of its anatomical, functional and metabolic substrate. Among the various neuroimaging methods used, magnetic resonance (MR) is one of the most frequently employed, mainly because of its high image resolution and the ability to differentiate between different tissues, in addition to being harmless to the patient. MR images can also provide diverse qualitative and quantitative information about the cerebral structure of the patient, allowing the investigation of putative abnormal brain circuits possibly involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Thus, neuroimaging can help elucidate the biological processes that occur in brain regions related to psychological, cognitive and physiological experiences manifested in the different anxiety disorders.

Keywords

generalized anxiety disorderMRIneuroimaging techniquessocial anxiety disorderorbito-prefrontal areaspanic disorder
Type
Chapter
Information
Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Insights from Neuroimaging
 , pp. 274 - 287
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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