Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Section I Schizophrenia
- Section II Mood Disorders
- Section III Anxiety Disorders
- 13 Structural imaging of post-traumatic stress disorder
- 14 Functional imaging of post-traumatic stress disorder
- 15 Molecular imaging of post-traumatic stress disorder
- 16 Structural imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder
- 17 Functional imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder
- 18 Molecular imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder
- 19 Structural imaging of other anxiety disorders
- 20 Functional imaging of other anxiety disorders
- 21 Molecular imaging of other anxiety disorders
- 22 Neuroimaging of anxiety disorders: commentary
- Section IV Cognitive Disorders
- Section V Substance Abuse
- Section VI Eating Disorders
- Section VII Developmental Disorders
- Index
- References
16 - Structural imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder
from Section III - Anxiety Disorders
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 January 2011
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Section I Schizophrenia
- Section II Mood Disorders
- Section III Anxiety Disorders
- 13 Structural imaging of post-traumatic stress disorder
- 14 Functional imaging of post-traumatic stress disorder
- 15 Molecular imaging of post-traumatic stress disorder
- 16 Structural imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder
- 17 Functional imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder
- 18 Molecular imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder
- 19 Structural imaging of other anxiety disorders
- 20 Functional imaging of other anxiety disorders
- 21 Molecular imaging of other anxiety disorders
- 22 Neuroimaging of anxiety disorders: commentary
- Section IV Cognitive Disorders
- Section V Substance Abuse
- Section VI Eating Disorders
- Section VII Developmental Disorders
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder with a substantial prevalence in adulthood (2–3%) and in childhood and adolescence (1–2%), characterized by anxiety-producing obsessions (intrusive, unwanted thoughts or images) and anxiety-neutralizing compulsions (repetitive behaviors). OCD causes significant psychosocial impairment, and in 1996 was recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the top 10 leading causes of years lived with a disability (Murray and Lopez,1996). With approximately 40% of pediatric OCD patients reporting continued symptoms into adulthood, OCD has a substantial chronic course, contributing to social, academic, occupational and neurocognitive problems across the lifespan (Stewart et al., 2004).
In this chapter we present findings from structural neuroimaging studies of OCD in both pediatric and adult populations. We first briefly discuss neurobiological models of OCD, and next review the structural neuroimaging literature with a focus on regions strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD, including the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, basal ganglia, and thalamus. We also discuss the potential role of other brain regions in the pathogenesis of OCD. Neuroimaging evidence that OCD involves a disruption in the brain white matter is reviewed with emphasis placed on results from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies. We finally discuss future directions in structural neuroimaging research in OCD.
Keywords
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- Information
- Understanding Neuropsychiatric DisordersInsights from Neuroimaging, pp. 236 - 246Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010