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14 - Functional imaging of post-traumatic stress disorder

from Section III - Anxiety Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2011

By
Lisa M. Shin ,
Kathryn Handwerger Brohawn ,
Danielle L. Pfaff  and
Roger K. Pitman
Edited by
Martha E. Shenton  and
Bruce I. Turetsky
Lisa M. Shin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology Tufts University Medford, MA, USA and Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
Kathryn Handwerger Brohawn
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology Tufts University Medford, MA, USA
Danielle L. Pfaff
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology Tufts University Medford, MA, USA
Roger K. Pitman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
Martha E. Shenton
Affiliation:
VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Bruce I. Turetsky
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

Introduction

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop in individuals who (1) are exposed to an event or events that involve the threat of death or serious injury, and (2) react with intense fear, helplessness or horror (APA,2000). Individuals with PTSD re-experience the traumatic event in various ways, including nightmares, intrusive recollections, and flashbacks. In addition, patients may attempt to avoid thoughts or reminders of the trauma and may experience a restricted range of affect, especially positive affect. Finally, patients with PTSD report hyperarousal symptoms, such as hypervigilance, exaggerated startle, and difficulty concentrating (APA, 2000).

In this chapter, we will summarize a neurocircuitry model of PTSD and briefly describe the techniques that have been used to study brain function in this disorder. We will then review the findings of relevant functional neuroimaging studies. Given that current neurocircuitry models focus on the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus, this review will include studies that have reported significant findings in those brain regions. (For other recent reviews, see Francati et al., 2007; Lanius et al., 2006; Rauch et al., 2006.) Lastly, we will summarize the findings and suggest directions for future research.

Keywords

amygdalafunctional MRIhippocampussingle photon emission computed tomographypost-traumatic stress disorderpositron emission tomographymedial prefrontal cortexneurocircuitry model
Type
Chapter
Information
Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Insights from Neuroimaging
 , pp. 214 - 228
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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