Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T19:18:36.716Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

2 - Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (UNCD™) Film as a Hermetic Biocompatible/Bioinert Coating for Encapsulation of an Eye-Implantable Microchip to Restore Partial Vision to Blind People

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 July 2022

By
Orlando Auciello
Edited by
Orlando Auciello
Orlando Auciello
Affiliation:
University of Texas, Dallas
Get access

Summary

This chapter focuses on describing the work done to develop UNCD films as hermetic, bio-inert/biocompatible (made of C atoms-element of life in human DNA) coatings for encapsulation of Si-based microchips implantable inside the eye on the human retina, as the main component of an artificial retina to restore partial vision to people blinded by genetically-induced degeneration of the retina photoreceptors. The UNCD coating enables implantation of the Si microchips inside the eye, since diamond is totally inert to chemical attack by the eye humor, as opposed to Si, which is chemically etched. The chapter describes the synthesis of the UNCD films with focus on using a novel low temperature (≤ 400 ˚C) UNCD growth process to make it compatible with encapsulation of the Si microchip without destroying the CMOS transistors, in the chip, which exhibit a thermal budget of 400 ˚C, i.e., they cannot be heated beyond those temperatures since they would be destroyed. The chapter also the extremely smooth and dense surface needed for the UNCD coating to be hermetic.

Keywords

Siliconmicrohipencapsulatedbiocompatiblecorrosion resistanultrananocrystallijne diamond (UNCD)coatingimplnatable onhuman retinarestore partial visionblind people
Type
Chapter
Information
Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Coatings for Next-Generation High-Tech and Medical Devices , pp. 86 - 106
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Hartong, D. T., Berson, E. I., and Dryja, T. P., “Retinitis pigmentosa,” Lancet, vol. 368 (9549), p. 1795, 2006.Google Scholar
Daiger, S. P., Sullivan, L. S., and Bowne, S. J., “Genes and mutations causing retinitis pigmentosa,” Clin. Genet., vol. 84(2), p. 132, 2013.Google Scholar
Milam, A. H., Li, Z. Y., and Fariss, R. N., “Histopathology of the human retina in retinitis pigmentosa,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res., vol. 17(2), p. 175, 1998.Google ScholarPubMed
Santos, A., Humayun, M. S., de Juan, E., Jr., et al., “Preservation of the inner retina in retinitis pigmentosa: a morphometric analysis,” Arch. Ophthalmol., vol. 115, p. 511, 1997.Google Scholar
Beltran, W. A., Cideciyan, A. V., Lewin, A. S., et al. “Gene therapy rescues photoreceptor blindness in dogs and paves the way for treating human X-linked retinitis pigmentosa,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 109(6), p. 2132, 2012.Google Scholar
Chadderton, N., Millington-Ward, S., Palfi, A., et al. “Improved retinal function in a mouse model of dominant retinitis pigmentosa following AAV-delivered gene therapy,” Mol. Ther., vol. 17(4), p. 593, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bainbridge, J. W. B., Smith, A. J., Barker, S. S., et al., “Effect of gene therapy on visual function in Leber’s congenital amaurosis,” N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 358(21), p. 2231, 2008.Google Scholar
Maguire, A. M., Simonelli, F., Pierce, E. A., et al., “Safety and efficacy of gene transfer for Leber’s congenital amaurosis,” N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 358(21), p. 2240, 2008.Google Scholar
Busskamp, V., Picaud, S., Sahel, J. A., and Roska, B., “Optogenetic therapy for retinitis pigmentosa,” Gene Ther., vol. 9(2), p. 169, 2012.Google Scholar
Ku, C. A., Hariprasad, S. M., and Pennesi, M. E., “Gene therapy trial update: a primer for vitreo-retinal specialists,” Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging Retina, vol. 47(1), p. 6, 2016.Google Scholar
Foerster, O., “Beitrage zur pathophysiologie der sehbahn und der spehsphare,” J. Psychol. Neurol., vol. 39, p. 435, 1929.Google Scholar
Brindley, G. S. and Lewin, W. S., “The sensations produced by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex,” J. Physiol., vol. 196(2), p. 479, 1968.Google Scholar
Lewis, P. M., Ackland, H. M., Lowery, A. J., and Rosenfeld, J. V., “Restoration of vision in blind individuals using bionic devices: a review with a focus on cortical visual prostheses,” Brain Res., vol. 1595, p. 51, 2015.Google Scholar
Fekry, A. M., El-Kamel, R. S., and Ghoneim, A. A., “Electrochemical behavior of surgical 316L stainless steel eye glaucoma shunt (Ex-PRESS) in artificial aqueous humor,” J. Mater. Chem., vol. B4, p. 4542, 2016Google Scholar
www.eurekanetwork.org/project/-/id/5558Google Scholar
Lane, S. S. and Kuppermann, B. D., “The implantable miniature telescope for macular degeneration,” Curr Opin. Ophthalmol., vol. 17 (1), p. 94, 2006.Google Scholar
Zrenner, E., Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, K., Benav, H., et al., “Subretinal electronic chips allow blind patients to read letters and combine them to words,” Proc. Roy. Soc. B, vol. 287 (1711), p. 1489, 2010.Google Scholar
Loudin, D., Simanovskii, D. M., Vijayraghavan, K., et al., “Optoelectronic retinal prosthesis: system design and performance,” J. Neural Eng., vol. 4 (1), p. S72, 2007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ings, S., “Making eyes to see,” in The Eye: a Natural History. London: Bloomsbury, p. 276, 2007.Google Scholar
Rush, A. and Troyk, P. R., “A power and data link for a wireless-implanted neural recording system,” Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 59 (11), p. 3255, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bionics Institute, “Bionic Vision Australia’s progress of the bionic eye,” July 23, 2012. www.bionicsinstitute.org/news/restoring-sight-australias-bionic-eye.Google Scholar
Wyatt, J. L., Jr., Kelly, S., Ziv, O., et al., “The retinal implant project,” MIT, 2011.Google Scholar
Humayun, M., “Interim results from the international trial of Second Sight’s visual prosthesis,” Ophthalmology, vol. 119 (4), p. 779, 2012.Google Scholar
Auciello, O., Gurman, P., Guglielmotti, M. B., et al., “Biocompatible ultrananocrystalline diamond coatings for implantable medical devices,” MRS Bull., vol. 39, p. 621, 2014.Google Scholar
Zhou, D. D. and Greenberg, R. J., “Microelectronic visual prostheses,” in Implantable Neural Prostheses 1, Zhou, D. D. and Greenbaum, E., Eds. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Meyer, J., “System on chip mass sensor based on polysilicon cantilevers,” Sens. Actuator, vol. A97–98, p. 1, 2010.Google Scholar
Cogan, F. S., Edell, D., Guzelian, A., Liu, Y., and Edell, R., “Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon carbide as an implantable dielectric coating,” J. Biomedical Mater. Res., vol. A67, p. 856, 2003.Google Scholar
Seo, J., Kim, S., Chung, H., et al., “Biocompatibility of polyimide micro-electrode array for retinal stimulation,” Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. C24, p. 185, 2004.Google Scholar
Heiduschka, P. and Thanos, S., “Implantable bioelectronic interfaces for lost nerve functions,” Prog Neurobiol., vol. 55, p. 433, 1998.Google Scholar
Hammerle, H., Kobuch, K., Kohler, K., et al., “Biostability of micro-photodiode arrays for subretinal implantation,” Biomaterials, vol. 23, p. 797, 2002.Google Scholar
Rojahn, M., “Encapsulation of a retina implant,” PhD dissertation, University of Stuggart, 2003.Google Scholar
Weiland, J. D., Liu, W., and Humayun, M. S., “Retinal prothesis,” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., vol. 7, p. 361, 2005.Google Scholar
Auciello, O.,” “Microchip embedded capacitors for implantable neural stimulators,” in Implantable Neural Prostheses: Techniques and Engineering Approaches, Zhou, D. D. and Greenbaum, E., Eds. Gland: Springer, p. 331, 2010.Google Scholar
Carlisle, J. A., Gruen, D. M., Auciello, O., and Xiao, X., “A method to grow pure nano-crystalline diamond films at low temperatures and high deposition rates,” US Patent #7,556,982, 2009.Google Scholar
Auciello, O. and Sumant, A. V., “Status review of the science and technology of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCDTM) films and application to multifunctional devices,” Diam. Relat. Mater., vol. 19, p. 699, 2010.Google Scholar
Xiao, X., Wang, J., Carlisle, J. A., et al., “In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ultrananocrystalline diamond for coating of implantable retinal microchips,” J. Biomed. Mater., vol. 77B, p. 273, 2006.Google Scholar
Sumant, A. V., Auciello, O., Yuan, H.-C., et al., “Large area low temperature ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films and integration with CMOS devices for monolithically integrated diamond MEMS/NEMS-CMOS systems,” Proc. SPIE, vol. 7318, p. 17, 2009.Google Scholar
Veyan, J-F., de Obaldia, E., Alcantar-Peña, J. J., et al., “Argon atoms insertion in diamond: new insights in the identification of carbon C1s peak in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis,” Carbon, vol. 134, p. 29, 2018.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×