Turkic languages offer particularly rich sources of data for the study of language contacts. They have for many centuries been spoken in dynamic contact settings all over their vast Eurasian area of distribution. Continuous massive displacements of Turkic speaker groups have led to encounters with numerous other languages, genealogically related and unrelated, typologically similar and dissimilar. Also, languages spoken in noncontiguous areas have occasionally influenced each other. On general questions of Turkic language contacts, see Johanson (2002a).