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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2022

Edited by
Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers  and
Marcel T. J. Kok
Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers
Affiliation:
Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen
Marcel T. J. Kok
Affiliation:
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

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Chapter
Information
Transforming Biodiversity Governance , pp. 361 - 366
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Aarhus Convention (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe [UNECE] Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters), 161, 172
access and benefit-sharing (ABS) – equitable, 146, 350, 353
access without benefit-sharing (ABS), 147
accountability, 52, 57, 58–59, 120, 172, 278, 356
agricultural landscapes, 17, 33, 264–265, 269, 272, 274, 278–283, 351
agricultural policy, 269, 275, 277, 278, 282–283
agriculture, 266–268
agrihealth, 97
Aichi Biodiversity Targets, 229
Aichi Targets (ATs), 4, 17, 33, 44, 138, 161, 169, 221–222, 223, 225–226, 228, 229–230, 233, 264, 293, 321
cost of, 166
equitable management component of, 227–228
missed, 53
overview of, 4
transformative governance and, 230
amplification effect, 96
animal rights, 16, 76, 82, 165, 182–183, 184–185, 186, 191, 343, 344, 345, 346, 353, 357
academic debate about, 180–181
rights of nature and, 179, 192–194
rights-based approaches to, 354
animal welfare, 8, 165, 179, 182, 183–186, 190–195, 264, 282, 355
animal rights versus conservation and, 183
Anthropocene, 30, 96
anthropocentric, 16, 30, 34, 79, 104, 131, 179, 184–185, 186, 192, 195
anthropocentrism, 123, 125, 181, 346
architecture, 43, 128, 204, 274, 294, 301, 304, 305, 306, 307
ArcticZymes / Biotec Pharmacon, 212–213
area-based management, 18, 314, 322, 323, 329, 330, 332
Atrato River, 35
Āyurveda, 98
benefit-sharing, 18, 138, 147–149, 151, 156, 172, 202, 204, 314, 321, 328–330, 332, 356
Benguela Current Commission, 324–327
Benguela Current Convention (BCC), 324
biocultural diversity, 14, 26, 31–34, 37
biodiversity, 26–28, 122, 137, 157–158, 255–260, 270, 273–274, 277–278, 294–296
financeable, 121–126
governing in the city, 301–304
institutional capacity and, 276–277
urban, 299–301
biodiversity and health, 93, 97–98
biodiversity conservation, 10, 13, 26, 29, 37, 56, 75–76, 79, 82, 115, 117–118, 123, 138, 161, 201, 223, 224, 234, 235, 236, 244–245, 247, 250–251, 259, 268, 270, 274–275, 278, 280, 296–297, 313, 321, 324, 328, 331, 342, 354, 356
agricultural landscapes and, 17
Aichi Targets (ATs) and, 161, 222, 264
application of synthetic biology and, 143
biocultural diversity and, 33
biological diversity and, 27
BPI and, 270
business case for, 120
CBD objectives of, 47
Earth jurisprudence for, 187
economic importance of, 118, 229
financing instrument for, 124, 128
funding gap and, 116, 118, 121
incentives for, 204
influence of cities on, 51
management plans for, 274
objectives of, 44–47, 224
prioritizing, 77, 79, 83
promotion of, 265
public finance for, 119
reason for failing objectives of, 164
resources for, 15
threat to, 272
transformative change and, 13, 69, 75, 78, 85, 221
transformative governance agenda, 230
biodiversity finance, 15, 124, 126–130, 167, 168, 170, 355
assessment of, 120–121
developments in, 116
diversity of instruments and, 116–121
literature about, 167
sources and needs, 119
transformative change and, 121
transformative governance and, 115–121
unlocking, 118–120
biodiversity govern, 159
biodiversity governance, 3–5, 9, 14, 14, 18, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 34, 36–37, 43, 44, 47, 50, 51, 55–56, 60, 76–77, 84, 93–94, 108, 108, 115, 120, 123, 130, 137–142, 150, 151, 155–159, 164, 165, 166, 169, 170, 179–180, 184, 188, 194–195, 200, 274, 304, 341–357
external actors and, 164
justice and equity in, 157, 159–163
transformative, 13, 15, 18, 26, 35, 51, 85, 122, 171–173, 343–344
urban, 18
biodiversity health, 27, 94–97
biodiversity impact, 17, 140, 244–246, 253–259, 267, 281, 357
biodiversity intactness, 27
biodiversity offsets, 119, 122, 124, 129
Biodiversity Policy Integration (BPI), 14, 17, 264–265, 269, 270–278, 282
framework for, 269–273
biodiversity-loss-as-material-risk, 130
bioinformatics, 15, 137–138, 146, 353
biological diversity, 3, 27, 31–32, 44–47, 139, 141, 151, 296
biopiracy, 202, 203, 210, 212, 214
bioprospecting, 16, 200–202, 211, 215, 328, 350, 351, 353
ABS and, 204, 214
corporate strategies and, 210
governing, 206–210
in the polar regions, 205–210
Norway and, 208–210
Novozymes’, 211, 214
bioprospectors, 208, 211, 214, 215
biotechnology, 137, 143–144, 145, 201, 205, 207, 208, 215
black-boxes, 37
blended finance, 127, 130
buen vivir, 34, 35, 123, 186, 345, 346
capitalism, 9, 247, 249, 250, 346
carbon dioxide removal (CDR), 15, 137, 139
Cities4Forest initiative, 305
CitiesWithNature, 305
Clearing House Mechanism, 207, 215
climate change, 6–7, 17, 28, 50, 55, 58, 82, 94, 137, 139–140, 155, 247, 266, 280, 293, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 304, 306, 315, 317, 321, 330, 331, 343, 350, 351
deep ocean environments and, 317
collaboration, 26, 50, 70, 83, 98, 102, 107, 109, 123, 143, 185, 191, 195, 203, 208, 211, 212, 214, 274, 303, 322, 330, 331
Communities of Practice, 109
complex adaptive systems approach, 103
complexity, 15, 36, 53, 83, 104, 109, 126, 148, 151, 155, 224, 229, 237, 307, 327
structural societal drivers, 297
system/systemic, 68
compliance, 46, 53–55, 58, 149, 172, 203, 210, 211, 232, 234, 273, 354, 356
lack of, 150
conservation, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 52, 191–192, 233–237, 274–276
conservation medicine, 97
conservation strategies, 28, 37
conserved areas, 17, 168, 221, 222–225, 226, 230, 233–236, 237, 353
designation of, 228–229
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 3, 44–47, 52–53, 59–60, 137, 156, 167, 221, 264, 354
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 49
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), 3
Convention on Wetlands, the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), 49
convivial conservation, 17, 35, 244–246, 249–253, 255, 257, 258, 345, 354
BICs as a tool in, 259–260
transformative governance of, 255
COVID-19, 4–5, 15, 93–94, 102, 103, 104, 106–108, 115, 191, 200, 315, 350
cultural landscapes, 29, 33–34
decision-making, 164–165
decision-making (biodiversity) – justice and equity in, 163–165
determinants of health, 97
digital sequence information (DSI), 15, 137, 146–149, 204, 206, 207, 209, 211, 215, 353
dilution effect, 96, 103
early warning and prevention, 107
Earth jurisprudence, 16, 186–190, 192
ecocentrism, 35
EcoHealth, 97, 109
ecologically or biologically significant marine areas (EBSAs), 322, 326
ecosystem services, 6, 14, 26, 29–31, 33, 37, 94, 99, 122, 125, 126, 170, 188, 190, 222, 331
Edinburgh Process, 51, 304, 351
emerging infectious diseases, 93, 97, 104, 107
enabling environment, 106, 109
environmental justice, 4, 156, 158, 162, 163, 251, 308, 343
environmental policy-making, 36
Environmental Reserve Quota, 123
enzymes (marine), 204, 205–206, 209–210, 212–214
epistemic pact, 35
equity, 79, See also justice
Escazú Agreement, 161
ethical and sociocultural valuations, 31
experimentation, 12, 18, 59, 70, 224, 237, 294, 302–303, 304, 305, 307, 314, 332, 342, 349, 352, 356
finance, 355–356
finance (biodiversity)
allocation, 167–168
effort-sharing, 167
financeable objects, 122–123, 131
financeable’ biodiversity, 121–126
five freedoms, 183–186
Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), 165
funding gap, 116, 118–120, 121
gene drives, 15, 137, 138, 142–147, 150
geoengineering, 137–138, 150–151
climate-related, 15, 138, 139–142
Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), 347–348, 355
global health, 97
Global Health Ethics, 103
governance, 7–12, 50–52, 56–57, 68–69, 79–86, 105, 106, 168–173, 228–230, 249–253, 345–351
transformations and transitions and, 67–68
transformative, 70
transitional, 69–70
transnational, 72
governance for transformation, 305, 308
green bonds, 117, 122, 126
Green Factor Tool, 298
green gentrification, 300
green prescription, 94
hard law, 53
health, 99–102, 103–104, 105
human, 102, 104–105
integrative concepts of, 97
Health in All Policies, 97
health pluralism, 97
Health Promotion, 94, 97
biodiversity conservation, 56
human-natural systems, 37
illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU), 315
implementation, 53–55, 57–59, 172
Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs), 169
Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC), 150, 162, 329–330
justice and equity, 34, 156, 276, 321
innovative financial instruments, 15, 130, 355
Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs), 159, 171
integrative governance, 15, 15, 16, 50, 51, 55–56, 72, 79, 85, 97, 107, 116, 129, 130, 131, 179, 195, 223, 236, 280–281, 283, 322–324, 330, 348–349, 355, 357
interdisciplinary, 102, 107, 146, 191
intergenerational justice, 158, 183, 346
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), 6, 31, 55, 93, 139, 190, 227, 244, 342
international institutions, 43, 48, 146
international law, 53, 141, 319, 327, 329, 349
interspecies justice, 180, 193, 195
just sustainabilities, 158
just transition, 163, 343, 347, 352–355
justice
corrective or remedial, 158
distributive, 16, 158, 164, 167, 173, 352
environmental, 163, 251, 308, 343
procedural, 16, 156, 158, 163, 164, 165–166, 168, 352, 353
recognition, 16, 164, 352
justice and equity, 16, 18, 79, 86, 94, 103, 157, 161–163
theories of, 157–158
transformative biodiversity governance, 155–157
land use change, 266, 281
large marine ecosystem (LMEs), 323
Local Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (LBSAPs)., 294
mainstreaming, 4, 16, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52–53, 54, 59, 98, 120, 179–180, 303, 355–356
justice and equity in, 170–171
marine biobanks, 202, 209
marine biodiversity, 18, 147, 314, 323, 330, 350
causes of, 314
impact of fishing on, 315–316
international instruments on, 313
loss of, 314–315
threats to, 318–319
marine genetic resources, 200–201, 205, 207, 211, 215
marine protected areas (MPAs), 117, 223–224, 226, 321
marine resources, 315–316
Marine Spatial Management and Governance Project (MARISMA), 326
marine spatial planning, 322, 324, 325, 326–327, 332
market-based instruments, 116, 120, 344, 356
markets, 13, 50, 51, 84, 116, 117, 188, 248, 252, 258, 266, 274, 278, 281
medicines, 6
Mother Nature, 36
multi-functionality, 278, 300
multi-level governance, 59, 61, 349
multinational corporations, 201, 214, 215
multi-perspective scenario exercises, 37
multispecies justice, 158, 195, 346
nature, 4, 6
definition of, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31, 34, 36, 94, 99
definitions of, 14
Nature Futures Framework, 36
nature-related health risks and benefits, 109
nature’s contribution to people, 295, 299, 300, 306
nature-as-natural-capital, 116, 118, 122, 126
nature-based solutions, 295, 297, 300–301, 303, 352
neoliberal/neoliberalism, 17, 50, 56, 57, 72
networking, 51
non-anthropocentric, 192
novel ecosystems’, 299
Novozymes, 210–212
objectification, 122
ocean governance, 18, 314, 319–322, 323, 327, 329–330, 350
need for, 318
transformative, 323–324, 327–328
One Health, 15, 93–102, 105, 108–110, 191–192, 350
challenges in, 102–104
COVID-19 lessons and, 106–108
methodological gaps in, 106
understanding concept of, 94–97
openness, 107, 109, 304
other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), 33, 168, 221
outcomes, 233
Pachamama, 34, 35, 186
pandemic, 4, 5, 15, 93–94, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108, 155, 200, 245, 259, 350, See also COVID-19
patent applications, 148, 201, 203, 205, 206, 211, 214
Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), 117
planetary health, 97, 98
Planetary Health ethics, 103
pluralism, 14, 25, 26, 37, 103, 115, 125, 344–345
pluralistic approaches, 14, 25, 37
polar regions, 200–202, 205–206, 207, 208, 351
policy coherence, 47, 50, 275–276, 349
policy learning, 282
policy mix, 128–129
pollution, 316–317
polycentric governance, 223
practical implementation, 109
preparedness, 107, 109
primary health care, 94, 101
procedural justice, 168, 173
protected areas, 224, 230
Aichi Target 11, 169, 226, 236
qualitative descriptions, 36
quantitative descriptions, 36
REDD+, 122, 128, 132, 228–229, 230–231, 236
reductionist approaches, 14, 37
Regime Complex, 14, 43, 47–50, 55–56, 349
regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs), 323
resilience, 70, 104
de-growth, 85, 106
ecosystem services, 229
resources, budget, 166–167, 277
restoration, 235, 297–299, 301, 305, 308
rewilding, 33, 183
rights of nature, 14, 16, 26, 34–35, 37, 76, 78, 179–180, 183, 186–191, 192, 194, 343, 345–346, 353, 354, 357
risk management, 126, 145
rules-in-use, 128, 129, 131
salutogenesis, 99, 101, 104
scenarios, 7, 14, 26, 36, 70, 139, 280
scientific analysis, 108
silo/silos, 3, 55, 107, 109, 300
singularization, 122, 124
social exclusion, 303, 308
societal deliberation, 108
soft law, 44, 47, 54, 57
soft skills, 109
solar radiation modification (SRM), 15, 139
sponge city, 303
Structural One Health, 99, 100, 107, 109, 350
structural societal drivers, 15
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 4, 5, 56, 74, 77–78, 102, 172, 249, 265, 313, 319, 347, 357
Sustainable Ocean Initiative (SOI), 324, 331
sustainable urban drainage, 303
sustainable use, 3, 30, 33, 45, 47, 51–52, 56, 60, 74, 116, 137, 138, 144, 169, 172, 231, 296, 325, 328–330, 331–332, 344, 350, 356
synthetic biology, 15, 137–139, 142–147, 150–151, 353
traditional knowledge systems of medicine, 98
transdisciplinary, 10, 15, 18, 59, 69, 72, 79, 85, 102, 107, 109, 115, 121, 122–123, 125, 126–127, 353, 357
transformative biodiversity governance, 94
transformative change, 3, 4, 13, 14–15, 16, 18, 36, 43, 52, 56, 60, 70, 72, 75, 77–78, 84–86, 99, 103, 104, 105, 109, 115–116, 120, 138, 144, 155, 157, 162, 163, 169, 172–173, 187, 195, 201, 221, 222, 237, 244–246, 253, 259, 265, 294, 307, 313–314, 328, 329, 341, 342–343, 346–347, 356
biodiversity finance and, 121
biodiversity loss and, 6–9
governance and, 7–12, 68–69, 84–85, 106
integration and reflection, 67–68
need for, 156
prioritization and, 67–69
transformative governance, 9–12, 84, 149–151
justice and equity in, 161–163
role of science in, 82–85
transnational governance, 18, 50, 72, 294, 352
transnational networks, 307, 308, 352
transparency, 14, 37, 52, 57, 58, 59, 167, 207, 322, 330, 347, 348, 352, 356
truth-claims, 37
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), 161, 193
UN Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA), 319
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change - equity in, 142, 156, 228, 265
United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 319
urban biodiversity governance, 294, 301, 303, 305, 306, 307, 352
urban nature, 18, 99, 294, 295, 297, 298–299, 300–301, 302–304, 307–308, 352
urbanisation, 295
valuation, 31, 57, 94, 123, 125, 126, 130, 131, 190, 249
value pluralism, 14, 26, 115, 125
value plurality, 345
values
instrumental, 14, 34, 36, 122, 346
intrinsic, 33, 125, 344
relational, 26, 33, 344
whole-of-government approach, 348–351
whole-of-society approach, 120–121, 131, 347–348, 351–352, 355
wilderness, 14, 26, 28–30, 32, 33, 37, 248, 293
wilderness protection, 33, 249
World Health Organization (WHO), 93, 147, 191, 350
World Organisation for Animal Health, 98, 185, 193, 350
worldviews, 25, 31, 34–35, 37, 98, 103, 155, 158, 162, 332, 344, 346
zoonoses, 200

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