Abbreviations

50MAWS

50 Million African Women Speak Platform

AB

Appellate Body

ABAC

APEC Business Advisory Council

ACWL

Advisory Center on WTO Law

AFAWA

Affirmative Finance Action for Women in Africa

AfCFTA

African Continental Free Trade Area

AI

artificial intelligence

ANZCERTA

Australia–New Zealand Closer Economic Agreement

AoA

Agreement on Agriculture

APEC

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

ASCC

APEC Study Centers Consortium

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASELA

Association of Entrepreneurs of Latin America

AU

African Union

BIT

bilateral investment treaties

BPfA

Beijing Platform for Action

BPO

business process outsourcing

BRICS

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa

CAFRA

Caribbean Association Feminist Research and Action

CARICOM

Caribbean Community

CCFTA

Chile–Canada Free Trade Agreement

CEDAW

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

CEO

Chief Executive Officer

CETA

Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement

CGE

computable general equilibrium

CIDA

Canadian International Development Agency

CIFTA

Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement

COMESA

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

CORFO

Chilean Economic Development Agency

CPTPP

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

CSO

civil society organizations

CUSFTA

Canada–US Free Trade Agreement

CUSMA

Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement

DAWN

Decade for Women and Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era

DEPA

Digital Economy Partnership Agreement

DG

Director-General

DIRECON

General Directorate of International Economic Relations

DR

domestic regulation

DSM

dispute settlement mechanism

DSU

dispute settlement understanding

EAC

East African Community

EASSI

East African Sub-Regional Support Initiative

ECA

Economic Commission for Africa

ECCAS

Economic Community of Central African States

ECE

Economic Commission for Europe

ECLAC

UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

ECOSOC

Economic and Social Council

ECOWAS

Economic Community of West African States

EEZs

Exclusive Economic Zones

EIA

Economic Impact Assessment

EIF

Enhanced Integrated Framework

EPZ

Export Processing Zone

ESCAP

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

FDI

foreign direct investment

FTA

free trade agreement

FTAA

Free Trade Agreement of Americas

GAC

Global Affairs Canada

GATS

General Agreement on Trade in Services

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GBA Plus or GBA+

Gender-Based Analysis Plus

GDP

gross domestic product

GSP

Generalized System of Preferences

GTAGA

Global Trade and Gender Arrangement

GTAP

Global Trade Analysis Project

GTG

Gender Technical Working Group

GVCs

global value chains

HIPC

heavily indebted poor countries

IADB

Inter-American Development Bank

IBRD

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ICRW

International Centre for Research on Women

ICSID

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

ICT

information and communications technology

ICTSD

International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development

IDA

International Development Association

IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission

IEO

Independent Evaluation Office

IFC

International Finance Corporation

IGC

International Gender Champions

IIA

International Investment Agreements

ILO

International Labour Organization

ILRI

International Livestock Research Institute

IMF

International Monetary Fund

INGO

international non-governmental organizations

IO

international organizations

IPR

intellectual property rights

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

IT

information technology

ITAG

Inclusive Trade Action Group

ITC

International Trade Centre

ITTC

Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

IWA

International Workshop Agreement

IWG

Informal Working Group

JSAG

Joint Strategic Advisory Group

JSI

Joint Statement Initiative

LAC

Latin America and the Caribbean

LDC

least-developed country

MAI

Multilateral Agreement on Investment

MC1

1st Ministerial Conference

MC11

11th WTO Ministerial Conference

MC12

12th WTO Ministerial Conference

MFN

Most Favoured Nation

MIGA

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

MNE

multinational enterprises

MSME

micro, small and medium-sized enterprises

NAC

National Action Committee on the Status of Women

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NGO

non-governmental organization

NTM

non-tariff measures

OACPS

Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States

OCT

overseas countries and territories

ODA

Official Development Assistance

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PAS

publicly available specification

PPE

personal protective equipment

PPfFS

Policy Partnership for Food Security

PRGF

Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility

PRSP

Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers

PTA

preferential trade agreements

R&D

research and development

REC

regional economic communities

RMAAM

Women’s Ministers and High Official Meeting of Mercosur

RMALC

Mexican Action Network on Free Trade

RMG

ready-made garment

RTA

regional trade agreement

S&DT

special and differential treatment

SADC

Southern African Development Community

SCC

Standards Council of Canada

SCM

subsidies and countervailing measures

SDG

Sustainable Development Goals

SEZ

Special Economic Zones

SIA

Sustainability Impact Analysis

SIDS

small island developing states

SME

small and medium-sized enterprises

SPS

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

STDF

Standards and Trade Development Facility

STEM

science, technology, engineering and mathematics

STR

Simplified Trade Regimes

TBT

technical barriers to trade

TFA

Trade Facilitation Agreement

TFEU

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

TiSA

Trade in Services Agreement

TPRM

Trade Policy Review Mechanism

TRIPS

Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

TRTA

trade-related technical assistance

TTIP

Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

UN

United Nations

UN-FfD

United Nations Conference on Financing for Development

UNCLOS

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNECE

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

UNGA

United Nations General Assembly

UNWTO

United Nations World Tourism Organization

UPS

United Parcel Service

USAID

United States Agency for International Development

USMCA

United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement

VCLT

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

WAEN

Women’s Alternative Economic Network

WAND

Women and Development Unit

WBG

World Bank Group

WEF

World Economic Forum

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WLN

Women Leaders Network

WP.6

Working Party on Regulatory Cooperation and Standardization Policies

WPDR

Working Party on Domestic Regulation

WTO

World Trade Organization