Abstract

The Indonesian invasion of Timor-Leste came at a time of adjustment in Britain's post-colonial foreign policy towards Southeast Asia. The Labour government largely followed its Conservative predecessor in seeking improved relations with Indonesia, mainly with a view to enhancing trade relations. There was little in the way of existing policy in relation to Timor-Leste beyond a general assumption that, following Portuguese withdrawal, integration of the territory with Indonesia would be the most practical outcome. In contrast with other Portuguese colonies in Africa, there was little public or activist interest in Timor-Leste in Britain. This facilitated Britain's largely pro-Indonesian policy. It was a policy embraced and pursued by British diplomats in Indonesia. It was further encouraged by the British government’s low estimation of Portugal's capacity to influence developments during the upheaval of its revolutionary period. Although uncomfortable issues were raised by the question of recognition of Indonesia's annexation and relations with “old Commonwealth” Australia came under some strain, the British government was broadly satisfied by the diplomatic outcome of the invasion.

Keywords: Britain, diplomacy, Indonesia, Portugal, Asia-Pacific