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12 - Exergy and Material Flow in Industrial and Ecological Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2011

By
Nandan U. Ukidwe  and
Bhavik R. Bakshi
Edited by
Bhavik R. Bakshi ,
Timothy G. Gutowski  and
Dušan P. Sekulić
Nandan U. Ukidwe
Affiliation:
Saflex Technology at Solutia Inc.
Bhavik R. Bakshi
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Bhavik R. Bakshi
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Timothy G. Gutowski
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Dušan P. Sekulić
Affiliation:
University of Kentucky
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Summary

Introduction

Ecological resources constitute the basic support system for all activity on Earth. These resources include products such as air, water, minerals, and crude oil, and services such as carbon sequestration and pollution dissipation [1–4]. However, traditional methods in engineering and economics often fail to account for the contribution of ecosystems despite their obvious importance. The focus of these methods tends to be on short-term economic goals, whereas long-term sustainability issues get shortchanged. Such ignorance of ecosystems is widely believed to be one of the root causes behind a significant and alarming deterioration of global ecological resources [5–8].

Several methods have been developed to address the shortcomings of existing methods and to make them ecologically more conscious [9]. Among these, the preference-based methods use human valuation to account for ecosystem resources [3, 10, 11]. These methods use either a single monetary unit to readily compare economic and ecological contributions or multicriteria decision making to address trade-offs between indicators in completely different units. However, preference-based methods do not necessitate compliance with basic biophysical laws that all systems must satisfy and require knowledge about the role of ecological products and services that is often inadequate or unavailable.

Type
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Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Resources , pp. 292 - 333
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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