Noora Arajärvi works at the Hertie School in Berlin, and in the ERC-funded project ‘Cultural Expertise in Europe: What Is It Useful For? (Panthéon Sorbonne University). She has conducted research as a postdoctoral fellow with the Berlin Potsdam Research Group ‘The International Rule of Law – Rise or Decline?’, held teaching positions at UCLan Cyprus and the University of the West Indies, visiting fellowships at MPIL and Fordham University, and worked at the UN Rule of Law Unit in New York. She received her PhD from the European University Institute and is the author of The Changing Nature of Customary International Law (Routledge 2014) and several journal articles and book chapters on customary international law and other key questions of international law.

Romel Regalado Bagares teaches international law at the Lyceum of the Philippines University College of Law and the San Sebastian College Recoletos Manila Graduate School of Law. At the Manila-based Center for International Law, where he was Executive Director for nearly a decade, he litigated many public interest and human rights cases before Philippine courts and UN human rights mechanisms. Mr Bagares has an LLB from the University of the Philippines and an MA (cum laude) from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, where he hopes to finish a PhD applying H Dooyeweerd’s Encyclopedia of the Science of Law to international law.

Anna Irene Baka is a Greek jurist, senior legal associate at the Greek National Commission for Human Rights and postdoctoral fellow at the Philosophy Department of the University of Crete, where she focuses on the implications for Law of the Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl. She is adjunct lecturer of Jurisprudence, EU Law and Human Rights at the University of London International LLB Programme in Greece. She holds a PhD in international law and legal philosophy from the University of Hong Kong, for which she was awarded a scholarship by the University of Hong Kong and the Hellenic National Scholarship.

Markus P Beham is Assistant Professor at the Chair of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Public International Law, European and International Economic Law of the University of Passau, Germany, and an adjunct lecturer in international law at the University of Vienna, Austria. He holds a joint doctoral degree from the Université Paris Nanterre and the University of Vienna and a doctoral degree in history from the latter as well as an LLM degree from Columbia Law School in New York. Prior to returning to academia, Markus was part of the International Arbitration Group of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, resident in the firm’s Vienna office.

Frederick Cowell is a Senior Lecturer in law at Birkbeck College, University of London. His research interests are in the enforcement of international law and he is currently writing a book on the philosophy of treaty withdrawal. He has previously worked in an advisory capacity at an NGO helping civil society groups with the Universal Periodic Review process.

Luigi Crema is Associate Professor of International Law at the Law School of the Università degli Studi of Milan. He holds a PhD in public international law from the Universities of Geneva and Milan and he did postdoctoral work as a fellow at the Jean Monnet Center of the New York University School of Law. He has numerous publications in the field of international law, and he has dedicated himself in recent years to a broad project of institution building, helping to establish and implement an LLM programme on sustainable development and a PhD on law, ethics and economics.

Jean d’Aspremont is Professor of International Law at Sciences Po Law School and at the University of Manchester. He is General Editor of the Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law and Director of Oxford International Organizations (OXIO). He writes on questions of international law and international legal theory.

Mariana Clara de Andrade is Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy). She holds a PhD in public international law from the same university, and a bachelor’s and LLM from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil). Mariana has been a guest researcher at the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law, the University of Geneva and the PhD Support Programme at the WTO.

Riccardo Di Marco is a PhD researcher at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and the University of Paris Nanterre (joint PhD). Under the supervision of Professor Alessandra Gianelli and Professor Jean-Marc Thouvenin, he focuses his research on the interpretability of customary international law and the methods of its interpretation. A member of the Rome Bar Association, after obtaining an LLB from Sapienza University of Rome, he has studied law at the University of Cambridge, at the European University Institute as well as at The Hague Academy of International Law with an emphasis on sources of international law and international legal theory.

Andreas Follesdal is Professor of Political Philosophy at the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo. He is the co-director of PluriCourts, a Centre of Excellence for the Study of the Legitimate Roles of the Judiciary in the Global Order, and the Principal Investigator of European Research Council Advanced Grant MultiRights 2011–16, on the Legitimacy of Multi-Level Human Rights Judiciary. He holds a PhD in philosophy from Harvard University. Føllesdal publishes in the field of political philosophy, mainly on issues of international political and legal theory, globalisation/Europeanisation, human rights, and socially responsible investing.

Emily Forbes graduated LLB Hons and bachelor of international studies from Deakin University, Victoria, Australia. Her honours thesis on the ICJ Chagos Advisory Opinion has been published in the Monash University Law Review. She is currently an LLM student at Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne.

Marina Fortuna is a PhD researcher at the University of Groningen. Her PhD research focuses on the interpretation of customary international law in the practice of international courts and tribunals. Marina’s research is conducted under the supervision of Professor Panos Merkouris within the TRICI-Law project funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant Agreement No. 759728). Her area of interest and research includes judicial reasoning and interpretation, international courts and tribunals, customary international law, judicial impartiality, international criminal law, human rights and the intersection between international law and social sciences.

Kostiantyn Gorobets is Assistant Professor of International Law at the University of Groningen. He specialises in analytical jurisprudence and philosophy of international law, as well as in their interplay. He is currently finalising his PhD dissertation on ‘Beyond Validity: Authority of International Law’.

Andreas Hadjigeorgiu is a Cypriot practicing lawyer and an aspiring academic. He has received education from various European universities including the Universities of Vienna (Austria), Glasgow (UK), Utrecht (Netherlands), and the Aristotelion University of Thessaloniki (Greece). He has completed his doctoral training, in (international) law and (legal) philosophy, at the Universities of Antwerp (Belgium) and Groningen (Netherlands). Internationally, his research revolves primarily around the ontology and evolution of (international) law, while on the national level he writes on human rights and their various infringements within the Cypriot legal system. He has been a member of the Human Rights Committee of the Cyprus Bar Association since 2020.

Gerard Hoogers is a senior lecturer at the department of Constitutional Law, Administrative Law and Public Administration of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. He holds an honorary professorate in comparative constitutional law at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany. His research focuses on comparative constitutional law, the history of political theory and the constitutional law of the transatlantic Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Jörg Kammerhofer is Senior Research Fellow at the University of Freiburg, Germany, and Privatdozent for international law and legal theory at the Vienna University of Economics. He is a generalist international law scholar and specialises in theory, sources, use of force, dispute settlement and investment law as well as the theory of law, in particular the Pure Theory of Law. He has published widely, including International Investment Law and Legal Theory: Expropriation and the Fragmentation of Sources (Cambridge University Press 2021). He is erstwhile member and chair of the ESIL’s Interest Group on International Legal Theory and Philosophy Co-ordinating Committee.

Vladyslav Lanovoy is Assistant Professor of Public International Law, Law Faculty, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Prior to this, he was an associate legal officer at the International Court of Justice in the Hague. He has held visiting academic positions at Lille Catholic University and Queen Mary University, London. He holds a PhD in international law from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva and has published widely. He is the author of Complicity and its Limits in the Law of International Responsibility (Hart 2016), which was awarded the 2017 Paul Guggenheim Prize in International Law.

Zhuo Liang is a doctoral candidate in international law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. He obtained an LLB and an LLM from China University of Political Science and Law, and an Advanced LLM from Leiden University. His research interests centre on international humanitarian law, international criminal law and use of force. He has been an intern at the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Special Tribunal for Lebanon and the International Criminal Court, and a research assistant at the UN International Law Commission.

Letizia Lo Giacco is Assistant Professor of Public International Law at the Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies of Leiden University. Her research explores structural questions of international law, with a focus on courts and judicial practices in global governance. Letizia is the co-founder of the Leiden Hub on the Theory and History of International Law, an interdisciplinary platform for theoretical and/or historical questions on international law and is a founding member and co-chairperson of the European Society of International Law interest group on international criminal justice.

Diego Mejia Lemos, LLM, PhD, serves as a scholar and practitioner of international law and dispute resolution. He holds graduate degrees from New York University and the National University of Singapore (NUS) among others. He has participated in the representation of states in proceedings before international courts, including while working as a juriste international at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer’s Paris office. Furthermore, he has provided support to arbitral tribunals conducting proceedings under the Permanent Court of Arbitration’s auspices. Latterly, he has held a postdoctoral fellowship at NUS and been appointed as Distinguished Research Associate Professor within Xi’an Jiaotong University’s ‘Young Talent’ programme.

Panos Merkouris is a Professor at the University of Groningen. He holds a Chair on Interpretation & Dispute Settlement in International Law. He is the Principal Investigator of the TRICI-Law project (ERC Grant Agreement No. 759728). Professor Merkouris has written extensively on law of treaties and on interpretation, has been cited in international reports and cases, and has advised as expert on these issues.

Nina Mileva is a PhD researcher of the TRICI-Law project (ERC Grant Agreement No. 759728) under the supervision of Professor Panos Merkouris, at the Department of Transboundary Legal Studies of the University of Groningen. Her research focuses on the interpretation of customary international law, and in particular the development of a theory of interpretation of customary international law. Her research interests relate to the role of international law in the practice of domestic courts, the relationship between international and domestic law, international legal theory and critical approaches to international law. She is also a lecturer in public international law at the University of Groningen.

John Morss grew up in London, studying in Sheffield and Edinburgh and teaching in the north of Ireland and then the south of New Zealand. He is currently Senior Lecturer in International Law at Deakin Law School. He is author, co-author or co-editor of seven books.

Cedric Ryngaert (PhD Leuven 2007) is Chair of Public International Law at Utrecht University (Netherlands) and Head of the Department of International and European Law of the university’s law school. His research interests relate to the law of jurisdiction, immunities, the role of international law before domestic courts, sanctions, international responsibility and international organisations. Among other publications, he authored Jurisdiction in International Law (Oxford University Press 2015, 2nd ed) and Selfless Intervention: The Exercise of Jurisdiction in the Common Interest (Oxford University Press 2020). He is a member of the Dutch Advisory Council on International Law and editor-in-chief of the Utrecht Law Review.