Chapter 4 offers a sociocultural perspective on tasks. In sociocultural theory a ‘task’ is viewed an artefact for mediating learning through interaction. It views ‘task’ as always interpreted by the participants so that what the task is intended to achieve (i.e. the task-as-workplan) may well not match what the task actually achieves when it is performed (i.e. the task-as-process). Like the cognitive-interactionist perspective, the sociocultural perspective views tasks in terms of the interactions they give rise, emphasizing the importance of the collaborative nature of the interaction for ‘learning’ (defined as other-regulation) and for ‘development’ (defined as self-regulation). It reviews a range of research that has investigated tasks from a sociocultural perspective, including studies involving ‘languaging’, dynamic assessment and Concept-based Language Instruction.