Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T01:42:52.232Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

9 - Perceptions of landscape change in British Columbia's Northwest: implications for biodiversity and participatory management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2010

Anna Lawrence
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Get access

Summary

Introduction

Throughout British Columbia (BC), as elsewhere in North America, debates surrounding biodiversity and landscape conservation have deepened as a result of the efforts of government and non-governmental organizations to establish large protected areas and limit the activities of resource development interests (such as timber companies and mining corporations) in ecologically sensitive landscapes. Such plans ultimately attempt to restore natural ecosystems by limiting human activity within selected areas and by restoring ecological processes such as fire, flooding, and erosion. Support for these plans is often the most strident in urbanized areas where people are least affected by concerns for the loss of socio-economic well-being and cultural identity. In BC's remote forested landscapes, which have contributed significantly to the identity of First Nations1 and non-aboriginal residents alike, residents express opposition towards any conservation strategy that purports to remove humans as an agent of change in the natural landscape. Even conservationists are beginning to question whether ‘naturalistic’ approaches to landscape management conflict with the conservation of biodiversity and traditional landscapes (Hull and Robertson, 2000).

Owing in part to the reaction of local residents to nature conservation and landscape restoration strategies, the government of BC has begun to pay increasing attention to stakeholders' concerns by introducing and experimenting with innovative methods of public participation. However, they still face the challenge of working with competing values in decision-making processes.

Type
Chapter
Information
Taking Stock of Nature
Participatory Biodiversity Assessment for Policy, Planning and Practice
, pp. 185 - 210
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abello, R. P. and Bernaldez, F. G. (1986). Landscape preference and personality. Landscape and Urban Planning 13, 1928.CrossRef
Althaus, S. L. (1998). Information effects in collective preferences. American Political Science Review 92(3), 545–558.CrossRef
Agee, J. (1993). Fire Ecology of Pacific Northwest Forests. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, M. (1993). Native Californians as ancient and contemporary cultivators. In Before the Wilderness: Environmental Management by Native Californians, ed. Anderson, M. and Blackburn, T.. New York, NY: Ballena Press, pp. 151–174.Google Scholar
Baker, W. (2000). Fires and climate in forested landscapes of the Rocky Mountains. In Fire Regimes and Climatic Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas, ed. Veblen, T., Montenegro, G., Baker, W., and Swetnam, T.. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, pp. 120–157.Google Scholar
Ball, M. and Smith, G. (1992). Analysing Visual Data (Qualitative Research Methods Series, Vol. 24). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedict, R. (1934). Patterns of Culture. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Benson, R. and Ulrich, J. (1981). Visual Impacts of Forest Management: Findings of Public Preferences. USDA Forest Service INT-262; 14 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonnickson, T. (2000). America's Ancient Forests: From the Ice Age to the Age of Discovery. London: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Boyd, R. (1999). Strategies of Indian Burning in the Willamette Valley. In Indians, Fire and the Land in the Pacific Northwest, ed. Boyd, R.. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press, pp. 94–138.Google Scholar
Chipeniuk, R. (2004). Planning for amenity migration in Canada: current capacities of interior British Columbian mountain communities. Mountain Research and Development 24(4), 327–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collier, J. and Collier, M. (1957). Visual Anthropology: Photography as a Research Method. Holt, Rinehart and Wiston.Google Scholar
Davidson, A. R., Yantis, S., Norwood, M. and Montano, D. E. (1985). Amount of information about the attitude-object and attitude-behavior consistency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45, 997–1009.CrossRef
Elmendorf, W. and Luloff, A. (2001). Using qualitative data collection methods when planning for community forests. Journal of Arboriculture 27(3), 139–151.Google Scholar
Ervin, S. (1992). Using computers to ask `What If?'. Landscape Architecture, October, 25–29.
Flanagan, T. (2000). First Nations? Second Thoughts. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen's University Press.Google Scholar
Glaser, B. and Strauss, A. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago, IL: Aldine.Google Scholar
Gobster, P. H. (1994). The aesthetic experience of sustainable forest ecosystems. In: Covington W. W. and Debano, L. F. (eds.) Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management, 12–15 July 1993, Flagstaff Arizona. General Technical Report RM247. Fort Collins, CO: US Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, pp. 246–255.
Gobster, P. H. (1995). Aldo Leopold's ecological esthetic: integrating esthetic and biodiversity values. Journal of Forestry 93(2), 6–10.
Goetz, J. and LeCompte, M. (1984). Ethnography and Qualitative Design in Educational Research. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gottesfeld-Johnson, L. (1994). Aboriginal burning for vegetation management in Northwest British Columbia. Human Ecology 22, 171–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, D. (1994). On the authority of the image: visual methods at the crossroads. In Handbook of Qualitative Research, ed. Denzin, N. and Lincoln, Y.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 403–412.Google Scholar
Hartig, T., Mang, M. and Evans, G. W. (1991). Restorative effects of natural environment experiences. Environment and Behavior 23(1), 3–26.CrossRef
Henderson, K. (1991). Dimensions of Choice: A Qualitative Approach to Recreation, Parks and Leisure Research. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.Google Scholar
Hull, B. and Robertson, D. (2000). Which nature? In Restoring Nature: Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences, ed. Gobster, P. and Hull, B.. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, pp. 299–307.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. (1990). Selecting Ethnographic Informants. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Johnson, L. (1999). Aboriginal burning for vegetation management in Northwest British Columbia. In Indians, Fire and the Land in the Pacific Northwest, ed. Boyd, R.. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press, pp. 238–254.Google Scholar
Kaplan, R. and Kaplan, S. (1989). The Experience of Nature: a Psychological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kaplan, S. and Talbot, J. F. (1983). Psychological benefits of a wilderness experience. In: Altman, I. and Wohlwill, J. F. (eds.) Behavior and the Natural Environment. New York: Plenum, pp. 163–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kearney, A. R. (2001). Effects of an informational intervention on public reactions to clear-cutting. Society and Natural Resources 14(9), 777–790.CrossRef
Kellert, S. R. (1997). Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.Google Scholar
Kruger, L. (2005). Community and landscape change in southeast Alaska. Landscape and Urban Planning 72, 235–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lepofsky, D., Heyerdahl, E., Lertzman, K., Schaepe, D. and Mierendorf, B. (2003). Historical meadow dynamics in Southwest British Columbia: a multidisciplinary analysis. Conservation Ecology 7(3), 5–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, H. (1973). Patterns of Burning in California: Ecology and Ethnohistory. Ballena Press Anthropological Papers 1. Ramona, CA: Ballena Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, H. (1988). Yards, corridors and mosaics: how to burn a boreal forest. Human Ecology 16(1), 57–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, H. and Ferguson, T. (1999). Yards, corridors and mosaics. In Indians, Fire and the Land in the Pacific Northwest, ed. Boyd, R.. Corvallis, OR:. Oregon State University Press, pp. 57–77.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. (2000). Ancient Values, New Technology: emerging methods for integrating cultural values in forest management. Master of Science, University of British Columbia.
Lewis, J. (2006). Culture and the forested landscape: inter and intra cultural perceptions of modified forest landscapes. Ph.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Lewis, J. and Sheppard, S. R. J. (2005). Ancient values, new challenges: indigenous spiritual perceptions of landscapes and forest management. Society and Natural Resources 18(10), 907–920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nassauer, J. (1995). Messy ecosystems, orderly frames. Landscape Journal 14(2), 161–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parminter, J. (1995). Human Influence on Landscape Pattern in the Pacific Region: Impacts of Burning by First Nations and Early European Settlers. Presented at the Landscape Ecology Symposium, 76th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Vancouver, BC, June 20, 1995.
Peacock, S. and Turner, N. (2000). ‘Just Like a Garden’: traditional resource management and biodiversity conservation in the interior plateau of British Columbia. In Biodiversity and Native America, ed. Minnis, P., Elisens, W.. Tulsa, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, pp. 133–179.Google Scholar
Ribe, R. (2006). Perceptions of forestry alternatives in the US Pacific Northwest: information effects and acceptability distribution analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology 26(2), 100–115.CrossRef
Sheppard, S. (1989). Visual Simulation: A User's Guide for Architects, Engineers, and Planners. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Sheppard, S. (2001a). Guidance for crystal ball gazers: developing a code of ethics for landscape visualization. Landscape and Urban Planning 54, 183–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheppard, S. (2001b). Beyond visual resource management: emerging theories of an ecological aesthetic and visible stewardship. In Forests and Landscapes: Linking Ecology, Sustainability, and Aesthetics, ed. Sheppard, S. and Harshaw, H., IUFRO Research Series. Wallingford, UK: CABI, pp. 149–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thayer, R. L. (1989). The experience of sustainable landscapes. Landscape Journal 8, 101–110.CrossRef
Trusler, S. (2002). Footsteps among the berries: the ecology and fire history of traditional Gitksan and Wet'suwet'en huckleberry sites. Master of Science, University of Northern British Columbia.
Turner, N. (1999). ‘Time to Burn’: traditional use of fire to enhance resource production by aboriginal peoples in British Columbia. In Indians, Fire and the Land in the Pacific Northwest, ed. Boyd, R.. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press, pp. 185–218.Google Scholar
Ulrich, R. S. (1979). Visual landscapes and psychological well-being. Landscape Research 4(1), 17–23.CrossRef
Ulrich, R. S. (1981). Natural versus urban scenes: some psychophysiological effects. Effects and Behaviour 13, 523–556.
Ulrich, R. S., Simons, R. F., Losito, B. D.et al. (1991). Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology 11, 201–230.CrossRef
Weetman, G., Panozzo, E., Jull, M. and Marek, K. (1990). An Assessment of Opportunities for Alternative Silvicultural Systems in the SBS, ICH and ESSF Biogeoclimatic Zones of the Prince Rupert Forest Region. Contract Report, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Prince Rupert Forest Region, Smithers, B.C., March 1990.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×