The growth of the aviation sector has been coupled with significant increases in emissions that cause environmental damage. In contrast to the slow international efforts to curb aviation emissions, the European Union (EU) has over the past two decades promulgated policies and regulations that foster the idea of “sustainable aviation.” These policies and regulations do not only govern the EU’s internal aviation market, but they have also been exported in the EU’s external policies and activities. This chapter provides an overview of the EU’s approach to sustainable development and aviation and turns to analyze how these policies and regulations have been integrated into the EU’s aviation policy and air transport agreements with other countries.