Introduction

Amphiphiles are molecules in which there exist a distinct polar segment and a lipophilic segment. Existence of segments of such opposing polarities makes these molecules self-organize upon solubilization in water in such a manner that the polar portion of these molecules remain exposed to water while the hydrophobic segments remain virtually buried [1]. Thermodynamically driven supramolecular aggregates of amphiphilic molecules, including those of natural origin (known as lipids), constitute some of the most widespread organizations in biological systems. These make up nearly 30–70% (by weight) of the components of the cell membrane, and are among the most intriguing type of self-assembly known [2]. The exceptional properties of amphiphilic molecules have, since the early development of chemistry, attracted the curiosity of many scientists, including those whose interests are at the interface of biology and materials science.

This chapter will present a few selected instances of design of synthetic amphiphiles including some from the author';s own laboratory that help in the understanding of various fundamental issues that pertain to the aggregation properties of these amphiphiles. Therefore rather than a review of the topic, this is an attempt to highlight certain recent developments involving designed molecular assemblies. References to review articles rather than to original papers are given wherever possible to limit the otherwise long list of references.

Catalyses and reactions in amphiphilic aggregates

Catalytic processes are part of modern strategies for the fast, inexpensive production of selective chemicals and are central to most modern chemical manufacturing industries.