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Contents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2025

Edited by
Jorge L. Contreras
Jorge L. Contreras
Affiliation:
University of Utah

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Chapter
Information
Sub-Patent Innovation Rights , pp. v - x
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Contents

  1. List of Contributors

  2. Foreword

    by Richard Arnold

  3. Preface

  4. 1Utility Models and Other Forms of Sub-patent Protection

    Jorge L. Contreras, Martin Husovec, and Matthew Rimmer

    1. 1.1Adoption of Utility Model Protection around the World

    2. 1.2Utility Models under International Agreements

    3. 1.3Characteristics of Utility Model Protection

    4. 1.4Assessing Utility Model Systems

    5. 1.5Contents of This Volume

  5. 2Overview of Worldwide Utility Model Filings, Litigation and Activity

    Daniel R. Cahoy, Jorge L. Contreras and Lynda J. Oswald

    1. 2.1Representation of Utility Model Systems across the World

    2. 2.2Descriptive Statistics on Utility Models

  6. Part IUtility Model Laws and Practices around the World

    1. 3The Rise and Fall of the United Kingdom’s Forgotten Utility Model: The Utility Designs Act 1843

      Lionel Bently and Brad Sherman

      1. 3.1The Background to the Utility Designs Act

      2. 3.2Reception of the Utility Designs Act

      3. 3.3Judicial and Administrative Responses

      4. 3.4The Demise of the Utility Design Act

      5. 3.5Forgetting the Utility Designs Act 1843

    2. 4Utility Models in Danish Law

      Tine Sommer, Timo Minssen and Jens Schovsbo

      1. 4.1The Regulation of Utility Models in Denmark: Background

      2. 4.2Protectable Subject Matter and Substantive Criteria

      3. 4.3Utility Model Statistics

      4. 4.4Granting Procedure

      5. 4.5Fees, DKPTO

      6. 4.6The Administrative Appeal Procedure and Revocation by a Court Decision

      7. 4.7Utility Model Infringement, Damages and Injunctions

      8. 4.8Branching-Off from a Patent Application or Patent under Opposition

    3. 5Utility Models in French Law

      Thibault Gisclard

      1. 5.1Historical Background

      2. 5.2Application Procedure

      3. 5.3Practical Use of Utility Certificates

      4. 5.4Publication of Utility Certificates

      5. 5.5Effectiveness of Utility Certificates

      6. 5.6Enforcement of Utility Certificates against Infringers

      7. 5.7Conversion between Utility Certificates and Full Patents

      8. 5.8Practical Use of Utility Certificates

    4. 6Utility Models in Germany and Switzerland

      Peter Georg Picht and Marian Weber

      1. 6.1General Overview

      2. 6.2Protection and Granting Requirements

      3. 6.3Application Process and Associated Costs

      4. 6.4Challenging Validity

      5. 6.5Enforcing Utility Models

      6. 6.6Coexistence of Utility Models and Patents

      7. 6.7Utility Models in Switzerland?

    5. 7Utility Models in Italy

      Alessandro Cogo and Marco Ricolfi

      1. 7.1Sources of Law and Historical Development

      2. 7.2Subject Matter

      3. 7.3Requirements for Protection

      4. 7.4Relationship to Patents

      5. 7.5Conclusion

    6. 8Utility Model Protection in Poland: In Search of a Regulatory Framework Capable of Incentivizing Innovation

      Rafał Sikorski

      1. 8.1Historical Perspective

      2. 8.2Relative Success of Utility Model Protection in Polish IP Law

      3. 8.3Rationale for Utility Model Protection

      4. 8.4Current State of Utility Model Protection in Poland and the Planned Reform

      5. 8.5Conclusions

    7. 9Key Performance Indicators for Utility Model Systems: An Application to Finland

      Jussi T. S. Heikkilä

      1. 9.1Key Performance Indicators for Utility Model Systems

      2. 9.2Empirical Analysis of the Finnish Utility Model System

      3. 9.3Conclusions

    8. 10Reinventing the Wheel: The Rise and Fall of the Australian Innovation Patent

      Matthew Rimmer

      1. 10.1The Petty Patent System

      2. 10.2Innovation Patent

      3. 10.3Filing and Registration Data on Innovation Patents

      4. 10.4Litigation over Innovation Patents

      5. 10.5The Advisory Council on Intellectual Property

      6. 10.6The Productivity Commission

      7. 10.7IP Australia

      8. 10.8Abolition of the Innovation Patent

      9. 10.9Breakthrough Patents

      10. 10.10Conclusion

    9. 11China’s Utility Model Patent Legal System: Past, Present, and Future

      Yu Yang

      1. 11.1Foundation and Formation of China’s Utility Model Patent System

      2. 11.2Main Features of Existing Chinese Utility Model Patent Legal System

      3. 11.3Deficiencies and Development Trends of Chinese Utility Model Patent Legal System

      4. 11.4Conclusion

    10. 12Utility Models in Japan

      Masabumi Suzuki

      1. 12.1Outline of the Current Utility Model System in Japan

      2. 12.2Historical Development of Japanese Intellectual Property Law and the Utility Model Act

      3. 12.3Status and Use of the Utility Model System

      4. 12.4Recent Discussions on the System

    11. 13Utility Models in Korea

      Sang Jo Jong

      1. 13.1History of Utility Model Protection in Korea

      2. 13.2Statutory Rationale

      3. 13.3Subject Matter

      4. 13.4Substantive Requirements

      5. 13.5Procedure

      6. 13.6Registration

      7. 13.7Invalidation

      8. 13.8Infringement

    12. 14Utility Models in Brazil

      Luca Schirru and Maikon Oliveira

      1. 14.1The Brazilian Legal Framework on Utility Models

      2. 14.2Patents on Invention and Utility Models

      3. 14.3Administrative Procedure before the INPI

      4. 14.4Enforcing Utility Models in Brazil

    13. 15Utility Models in Kenya

      Isaac Rutenberg

      1. 15.1Contextualizing the Kenyan UMC

      2. 15.2Notable Aspects of the Legal Framework for UMCs in Kenya

      3. 15.3Trends in the Acquisition and Use of Kenyan UMCs

      4. 15.4Trends in the Acquisition of UMCs at ARIPO

      5. 15.5Conclusion

    14. 16The Debate over Second-Tier Patent Protection in the United States

      Jorge L. Contreras and Mark D. Janis

      1. 16.1Current Forms of Invention Protection in the US

      2. 16.2The Debate over Sub-patent Protection in the US

      3. 16.3Reflections on the Future of Utility Models under US Law

      4. 16.4Conclusion

  7. Part IIUtility Models in Action

    1. 17The Unitary Patent System and Utility Models

      Lisa van Dongen, Timo Minssen and Tine Sommer

      1. 17.1The EU, the EPC and the UPCA

      2. 17.2Protecting UMs in (Some) EU Member States and the Tentative Beginning of the UPC Arrangement

      3. 17.3Division of Judicial Competences Post-UPC

      4. 17.4The Relationship between Domestic Courts and UPC Divisions

      5. 17.5Converting, Double Patenting and Branching Off (BOUM)

      6. 17.6Discussion of Findings and Stakeholder Choices

      7. 17.7Concluding Remarks and Open Questions

    2. 18Treatment of Utility Models as Standards-Essential Patents

      Jorge L. Contreras and Magnus Buggenhagen

      1. 18.1Standards-Essential Patents and Utility Models

      2. 18.2Findings: Standards-Essential Utility Models

      3. 18.3Discussion

      4. 18.4Conclusion

    3. 19Navigating Incomplete Harmonization: Businesses and the Utility Model Environment

      Daniel R. Cahoy and Lynda J. Oswald

      1. 19.1Global IP Strategy and the Challenge of Utility Model Disharmony

      2. 19.2Evidence of Firm Utility Model Use and Strategy

      3. 19.3A New View on Utility Models: The Zone of Appropriability Preference

      4. 19.4Business Strategy and Motivations for Utility Model Filings: A Study of U.S. Patent-to-Utility Model Pathways

      5. 19.5Insights on Navigating Utility Model Disharmony

      6. 19.6Conclusion

  8. Part IIIThe Future of Sub-patent Innovation Rights

    1. 20Utility Models and the European Union: A Fresh Look at the Need for Harmonisation

      Martin Stierle

      1. 20.1The Surprising Lack of Harmonisation

      2. 20.2Failed Attempts of the EC

      3. 20.3Two Reasons for the Harmonisation of UM Law

      4. 20.4General Reasons for UM Protection

      5. 20.5The Policy Options

      6. 20.6A New Conceptional Starting Point

      7. 20.7Conclusion

    2. 21Heterogeneities in Utility Model Accessibility: Quantitative and Qualitative Insights

      Dan Prud’homme

      1. 21.1Accessibility of Utility Model Regimes

      2. 21.2Quantitative Analysis of Impact of Utility Model Regime Accessibility on Utility Model Usage

      3. 21.3Qualitative Analysis of Impact of Utility Model Regime Accessibility on Utility Model Quality

      4. 21.4Conclusions

    3. 22Utility Models and Innovation in Low-Income Economies

      Uma Suthersanen

      1. 22.1The Uneasy Discourse: Patents, Hybrids and Innovation

      2. 22.2Mapping a Sui Generis UM System

      3. 22.3Valuing “Real Innovation” in Developing Countries: SDGs and the “Diverse Economies” Paradigm

  9. Bibliography

  10. Index

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  • Contents
  • Edited by Jorge L. Contreras, University of Utah
  • Book: Sub-Patent Innovation Rights
  • Online publication: 06 February 2025
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  • Contents
  • Edited by Jorge L. Contreras, University of Utah
  • Book: Sub-Patent Innovation Rights
  • Online publication: 06 February 2025
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  • Contents
  • Edited by Jorge L. Contreras, University of Utah
  • Book: Sub-Patent Innovation Rights
  • Online publication: 06 February 2025
Available formats
×