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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 December 2014
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- Stretcher-bearersSaving Australians from Gallipoli to Kokoda, pp. 308 - 325Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2014
References
& , Handbook on the British Army 1943, p. 89; British Field Ambulance War Establishment II/62/1, Aug 1942, <> retrieved 27 Jun 2014
, Smiles of Fortune, p. 100. Pte , 1 Fd Amb, diary, no date (but before 16 Apr 1915)
& (eds), Stretcher-bearer at War, pp. 10, 11. Gnr S. Boulton, 1 Div AC [ammunition column], letter, 7 Nov 1915, AWM 1DRL/0138
Herald (Melbourne), 2 Nov 1918
, Red and White Diamond, p. 97. Pte E. Munro, 5 Fd Amb, diary, 25 Aug 1916
, History of the Ninth Australian Field Ambulance, p. 30. Absolutely fatigued: Pte L. Bryant, 2 Fd Amb, diary, 9 Apr 1917, AWM PR00142
, ‘“Doc’s” War’, p. 6, AWM PR88/122. RAMC Training 1911 (reprinted 1935)
, diary, 19 Jul 1915. ‘The Digger: How he fought at Péronne’, Herald (Melbourne), 2 Nov 1918Google Scholar
, ‘The stretcher-bearer tradition’, As You Were, p. 117. It is war: Elmore, diary, 28 Jul 1916
apparently contradicts his earlier comments about regimental stretcher-bearers in a footnote to an appendix in which he shows Australian medical establishments in 1918, and where he says they wore red cross armbands and came under the protection of the Geneva Convention (vol. II, p. 912n). Yet RAMC Training 1911 (reprinted 1915), p. 190
, The New Guinea Offensives, p. 498. Medical officer: ‘Interview with Colonel Marks regarding 3rd Australian Field Artillery Brigade (1914–15)’, n.d., p. 10
Report of the Inquiry into Unresolved Recognition for Past Acts of Naval and Military Gallantry and Valour, point 15–82, p. 184, <> retrieved 27 Jun 2014
Casualty proportion: ‘Medical evacuation’ in Anzac Voices, <> retrieved 27 Jun 2014
, 3 Fd Amb, diary, 25 Apr, 21 May 1915, AWM 1DRL/0004. See AWM C2207 for a photo of Simpson’s grave. AWM Honours and Awards – C.H.G. Rosser and Richard Benion O’Carroll. Butler, Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services, 1914–1918, Vol. 1, pp. 137, 141. On bearers unable to move: Sgt B. Leane, 10 Bn, diary, 27 Apr 1915, pp. 126–7
& , The Body Snatchers, p. 29. Overcoat: Tyquin, Gallipoli, p. 73. Adams, diary, 25–26 Apr 1915
, The History of the Fourteenth Battalion, AIF, p. 87n. Norman: Pte P. Norman, 5 Bn, diary, notes, 25 Apr 1915, AWM PR01325
, Anzac to Amiens, p. 106n [magnificent]. Bean, vol. I, pp. 330, 332. Butler, vol. I, pp. 141 [fearful], 146. Carr, diary, 29 Apr 1915
’ letter is in ‘Stretcher bearers’ work’, Brisbane Courier, 8 October 1915. Pte L. Wright, 3 Bn, diary, 25, 26 Apr, 12 May 1915, AWM PR86/208
, diary, 4 May, 4 June 1915. Charmed life: quoted in Liddle, Men of Gallipoli, p. 151
, diary, 19 May 1915. Burial: Adams, diary, 19 May 1915. Graham Wilson considers Adams’ diary ‘totally suspect’ and written in the light of Simpson’s achievements (Dust, Donkeys and Delusions, pp. 227–8)
, diary, 19 May 1915. He mentions four more wounded the next day. Hopwood, diary, 18 Jun 1915. Similar, Carr, in his diary entry 19 August, said 46 of the 108 who had landed on 25 Apr ‘had gone away sick, wounded or killed (2)’. He and others joined them through sickness in ensuing days. Other sources for this section: Austin & Austin, The Body Snatchers
, diary, 6–7, 9 Aug. Casualties and stretchers: Tyquin, Gallipoli, p. 46. Slings: AWM REL/00757, AWM REL41511. Sutton, diary, 4 May 1915
, Gallipoli, p. 176. Leane, diary, 20 Aug 1915
, The Broken Years, pp. 110–11. Sutton, diary, 29 Apr 1915.
, ‘Beachy Bill’, Gallipoli Encyclopedia, p. 34. Banks-Smith, letter, 6 Oct 1915
, Gallipoli, pp. 56, 81. Carr, diary, 17 May, 9 Jun 1915
, Five Months at Anzac. Bulletin, 17 Feb 1916, p. 11
Defiles: , Gallipoli, p. 49. Stray bullet: 7 Fd Amb war diary, 25 Sep 1915, AWM4, 26/50/1
& (eds), Stretcher-bearer at War, p. 11. August: Butler, vol. I, pp. 300–1. Hospitalised private: Pte E. Burgess, 23 Bn, letter, 30 Nov 1915, AWM 1DRL/0162
, ‘Young, William Ramsay (1894–1965)’, ADB. Elmore, diary, 29 Nov 1915. Hind, diary, 29 Nov 1915
, Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, vol. VII, p. 105. On this period see also Butler, vol. I, p. 54n. Sleighs: Gullett, vol. VII, p. 105; interview with Edward S. Duncan, formerly 3 LH Fd Amb, 1994, AWM S02039
, ‘Cotter, Albert (Tibby) (1883–1917)’, ADB; Gullett, vol. VII, p. 327. Massey: Hopwood, diary, 25 Jun 1915
, Story of the 5th Australian Division, pp. 110–11. Interview with Charles Bingham, ex-14 Fd Amb, 1984, AWM S00813. Raising their limbs: Bean, vol. III, p. 437
, vol. II, p. 64. Blocked trenches: Administrative Staff, Headquarters 2nd Aus Div, war diary, Appendix PP, 24 Aug 1916, ‘Evacuation of Wounded’, AWM4, 1/45/9. Elmore, diary, 24 Aug 1916. Munro, Diary of a Stretcher-Bearer, p. 26, re 25 Aug 1916
, The Fourteenth Battalion, p. 137. Terror of the barrage, partly trained, maggot-infested: Butler, vol. II, pp. 60, 63. Pte C. Dunlop, 4 Bn, diary, Jul or Aug 1916, AWM PR00676
, The Red and White Diamond, pp. 97, 104. Soup-dishes: Elmore, diary, 3 Jul 1916
, Anzac to Amiens, p. 267. Elmore, diary, 2 & 3 Jul, 3 Nov 1916
, letters, 8 & 19 Dec 1916, 18 Jan 1917, An Anzac’s Story, pp. 160–1, 167. Capt K. Doig, 8 Fd Amb, letter 19 Nov 1916, AWM PR00317.
& , The War Diaries of William Slater, pp. 18–19, entries for 26 & 27 Feb 1917
, Story of the 5th Australian Division, p. 148; Butler, vol. II, p. 85. Two-tiered stretcher holder: caption to AWM P00156.061. Wheeled stretcher: Butler, vol. II, pp. 37, 56, 57, 272; Capt S. Germon, ‘My experiences with the 44th Australian Infantry Battalion’, p. 5, AWM 1DRL/0311.This device had also been unpopular on Gallipoli. Capt L. May, AAMC, diary, 4 Oct 1917, AWM 1DRL/0490
, NAA B884. This includes an informative article, ‘Medals are unique’, which appears to be from Army magazine, May 1980
, Anzac to Amiens, p. 320. Flying column: Carr, diary, 20 Mar 1917
, History of the Ninth Australian Field Ambulance, p. 25. Bapaume Town Hall aftermath: MLMSS 1606/Item 5, Pte W. Allsop, 8 Fd Amb, diary, 29 Mar 1917
RAMC Training 1911 (reprinted 1915), p. 147;
, Diaries of a Stretcher-Bearer 1916–1918, p. 71. Street of ruins: Allsop, diary, 19 Mar 1917
, Story of the 5th Australian Division, p. 110. Munro, diary, 1 Mar 1917
, The Fourteenth Battalion, pp. 201, 206, 211–12, 254. Morgan, diary, 4 May 1917, AWM. Lined up and commendations: Butler, vol. II, pp. 105, 156
, Diaries of a Stretcher-Bearer 1916–1918, p. 41. Pourquoi and heavy German: Munro, diary, 15 Jan, 5 May 1917. Hellish: Butler, vol. II, pp. 169–72
, Anzac to Amiens, opp. p. 353. His caption is wrong about the medical arrangements, which are shown in a map in Butler, vol. II, p. 273. On inadequacy of posts and 500-yard stretch: Butler, vol. II, pp. 196, 201. Men lying in open and stretchers carried forward: 3rd Fd Amb war diary, Sep 1917, Appendix, pp. 19–20, AWM4, 26/46/33
, Cobbers in Khaki, pp. 125, 158. Details of Military Medals to Findlay and the Murphies: AWM Honours and Awards, Roy Arthur Findlay, Alexander Gillam Murphy, Joseph Bernard Murphy. Virtually no shelling: Butler, vol. II, pp. 205, 207. It is not in the 1 Fd Amb war diary, or Carr’s diary, either. May, diary, 18 & 20 Sep 1917
, Ypres, p. 57. Fritz blockhouses: Pte G. Buchanan, 15 Fd Amb, diary, 5 Oct 1917, AWM PR82/024.
, The 38th Battalion, AIF, p. 38. May, diary, 21 Sep 1917.
, Hold Hard, Cobbers, vol. 1, p. 116. Munro, diary, 2 Jan 1917.
, Diaries of a Stretcher-Bearer 1916–1918, p. 89. Bryant, diary, 9 Oct 1917
, The Old Sixteenth, p. 148. Nightmare and Murray: 10 Fd Amb war diary, Oct 1917
, The Thirty-Seventh, pp. 151–2. Rushbrooke, Ernest Alfred, NAA B2455. Buchanan, diary, 25 & 28 Oct 1917
, The Old Sixteenth, ch. 24; Western Mail, 12 Aug 1937, p. 7
‘Colonel Pope. A fine leader’, Western Mail, 15 Feb 1918, p. 34
, The Australian Victories in France in 1918, p. 293. Hopwood, diary, 10 Jul 1917
, Diaries of a Stretcher-Bearer 1916–1918, p. 74. Sutton, diary, 4 Jul 1917
. Field Ambulance casualties calculated from Australian Army Medical Corps, AAMC Patches, pp. 21 & 21a. AWM Honours and Awards – Charles Raymond Hall. Better 1918 arrangements: Crowther, ‘The Australian Army Medical Corps’, p. 174.
, Red and White Diamond, pp. 282–4. May, diary, 22–23 May 1918
, vol. II, Middle East and Far East, p. 302. 2/27 Bn war diary, Jun 1941, Medical Report, p. 76, AWM52, 8/3/27/26
, p. 125. Doucement: Percival, For Valour, p. 153, who says the Frenchmen took up the stretcher only on the morning carry. Also on the carry: Ramsland, ‘A remarkable life’, p. 44. Cutler and Simpson: ‘Beach Cemetery’, <> retrieved 28 Jun 2014.
, interview in Faces of War: The Battle for the Empire, 1995 TV documentary. Pte L. Perkins, 2/13 Bn, diary, 9 & 12 Jun 1941, AWM PR00809
et al., The Second 43rd, p. 67. Pte T. Derrick, 2/48 Bn, D5/8/41, AWM PR82/190. Perkins, diary, 3 Aug, 30 Nov 1941
‘Military Medals awarded for AIF gallantry’, Canberra Times, 7 Oct 1942
, The Boys Write Home, pp. 54–5. Pte J. Butler, 2/23 Bn, diary, 17 May 1941, AWM 3DRL 3825
, Tobruk and El Alamein, pp. 325, 722. Exceptions: Butler, diary, 26 Jul 1942
, Tobruk to Tarakan, p. 124; Cpl K. MacArthur, 2/15 Bn, diary, 19 Apr 1941, AWM PR86/121
, vol. II, Middle East and Far East, p. 387. Johnstone: letter to the author, 13 Mar 1998
(ed.), The Grim Glory, p. 676. Pte A. Murnane, 2/21 Bn, diary/memoir, ‘One Man’s War’, 1 Feb 1942, AWM PR8/066
, Damien Parer’s War, p. 216. Great job: L/Cpl H. Spindler, 3 Bn, diary, 7 Sep 1942, AWM PR83/171
, Forever Forward, p. 193. 4 Dec: 2/31 Bn War diary, 4 Dec 1942, AWM52, 8/3/31/11
, In the Footsteps of Ghosts, p. 131. Burial parties: 2/9 Bn War Diary, 19 Dec 1942, AWM52 8/3/9/20
, Through Mud and Blood to Victory, p. 94. Roy Somerville, interview with the author, 7 Feb 2004. Berry, diary, 21 Dec 1942
, South-West Pacific Area, p. 560. Nimmo: interview with Sir John Nimmo, 12 Dec 1990, Keith Murdoch Sound Archive, AWM S01038
Kalgoorlie Miner, 17 Nov 1948
, To Salamaua, p. 311. Cpl J. Craig, 2/13 Bn, diary, 2 Dec 1943, MJC
, on 28 Jan 2013. On Barges, see Long, Final Campaigns, p. 108n
, vol. III, Island Campaigns, p. 102. Staying here: interview with Don Tibbitts, 2/23 Bn Association, 19 Oct 2012
, The Second Twenty-Fourth, pp. 321, 337. ‘Mission of mercy’ and Syd and Noel: interview with Doug Dobson, 19 Oct 2012. Murphy and Bartsch: Legg, War Correspondent, pp. 226–7
, Waltzing Matildas, p. 155. Hawkes: Stewart Hawkes, interview with the author, 24 Jul 2002;
: ‘The Dead-end Kid who made good’, Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers Advocate, 9 Jan 1946
, The Second Eighth, p. 213; Riley, Vernon William, NAA B883. 2/8 Bn stretchers and bearers: 2/8 Bn war diary, Jun 1945
, of Storms and Rainbows, vol. II, pp. 434–6. Howell: Australians at War Film Archive, Charles Howell, 1606
, To Find a Path, pp. 257, 271, 299. Praise: Pte A. Wallin, 2/5 Bn, diary, 20 Jan 1945, SLV MS10172
et al., Oxford Companion to Australian Military History. Carrying men on his back: Sutton, diary, 29 Jun 1915