This chapter argues that successive institutional modernizations since 1990 in Chile have reconfigured the neoliberal state into an “enabling” form that preserved and entrenched the centrality and fundamental role of the market and the decentralization of social responsibility to the municipal level. The municipalization of primary health care, education, and social assistance embedded by the architects of the “subsidiary” neoliberal state, and defended in terms of greater efficiency in the delivery and quality of those public goods, was legitimized in moral-political terms. The institutional modernizations of the past three decades have been legitimated as “enabling” subjects, as gender-neutral citizens, to bear responsibility for their own well-being. They aim to resolve the fundamental contradiction between, on the one hand, the needs of a rapidly globalizing and diversifying the resource-based capitalist economy, and, on the other hand, the social reproductive activities on which that economy necessarily relies. A gendered approach reveals that women play a fundamental role in materializing the moral vision of this embodied, gendered, “enabling” state form. It shows that while women’s work provides the major share of private and social provisioning, their efforts remain largely invisible and undervalued.